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Respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2

Author

Listed:
  • Vincent J. Munster

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Friederike Feldmann

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Brandi N. Williamson

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Neeltje Doremalen

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Lizzette Pérez-Pérez

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Jonathan Schulz

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Kimberly Meade-White

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Atsushi Okumura

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Julie Callison

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Beniah Brumbaugh

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Victoria A. Avanzato

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Rebecca Rosenke

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Patrick W. Hanley

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Greg Saturday

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Dana Scott

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Elizabeth R. Fischer

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Emmie Wit

    (National Institutes of Health)

Abstract

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by a novel coronavirus (named SARS-CoV-2) and has a case fatality rate of approximately 2%, started in Wuhan (China) in December 20191,2. Following an unprecedented global spread3, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Although data on COVID-19 in humans are emerging at a steady pace, some aspects of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 can be studied in detail only in animal models, in which repeated sampling and tissue collection is possible. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 causes a respiratory disease in rhesus macaques that lasts between 8 and 16 days. Pulmonary infiltrates, which are a hallmark of COVID-19 in humans, were visible in lung radiographs. We detected high viral loads in swabs from the nose and throat of all of the macaques, as well as in bronchoalveolar lavages; in one macaque, we observed prolonged rectal shedding. Together, the rhesus macaque recapitulates the moderate disease that has been observed in the majority of human cases of COVID-19. The establishment of the rhesus macaque as a model of COVID-19 will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, and aid in the development and testing of medical countermeasures.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincent J. Munster & Friederike Feldmann & Brandi N. Williamson & Neeltje Doremalen & Lizzette Pérez-Pérez & Jonathan Schulz & Kimberly Meade-White & Atsushi Okumura & Julie Callison & Beniah Brumbaug, 2020. "Respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2," Nature, Nature, vol. 585(7824), pages 268-272, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:585:y:2020:i:7824:d:10.1038_s41586-020-2324-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2324-7
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    Cited by:

    1. Chaim A. Schramm & Damee Moon & Lowrey Peyton & Noemia S. Lima & Christian Wake & Kristin L. Boswell & Amy R. Henry & Farida Laboune & David Ambrozak & Samuel W. Darko & I-Ting Teng & Kathryn E. Fould, 2023. "Interaction dynamics between innate and adaptive immune cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in non-human primates," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Amit A. Upadhyay & Elise G. Viox & Timothy N. Hoang & Arun K. Boddapati & Maria Pino & Michelle Y.-H. Lee & Jacqueline Corry & Zachary Strongin & David A. Cowan & Elizabeth N. Beagle & Tristan R. Hort, 2023. "TREM2+ and interstitial-like macrophages orchestrate airway inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.

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