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Monogenic and polygenic inheritance become instruments for clonal selection

Author

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  • Po-Ru Loh

    (Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • Giulio Genovese

    (Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
    Harvard Medical School)

  • Steven A. McCarroll

    (Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
    Harvard Medical School)

Abstract

Clonally expanded blood cells that contain somatic mutations (clonal haematopoiesis) are commonly acquired with age and increase the risk of blood cancer1–9. The blood clones identified so far contain diverse large-scale mosaic chromosomal alterations (deletions, duplications and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH)) on all chromosomes1,2,5,6,9, but the sources of selective advantage that drive the expansion of most clones remain unknown. Here, to identify genes, mutations and biological processes that give selective advantage to mutant clones, we analysed genotyping data from the blood-derived DNA of 482,789 participants from the UK Biobank10. We identified 19,632 autosomal mosaic chromosomal alterations and analysed these for relationships to inherited genetic variation. We found 52 inherited, rare, large-effect coding or splice variants in 7 genes that were associated with greatly increased vulnerability to clonal haematopoiesis with specific acquired CN-LOH mutations. Acquired mutations systematically replaced the inherited risk alleles (at MPL) or duplicated them to the homologous chromosome (at FH, NBN, MRE11, ATM, SH2B3 and TM2D3). Three of the genes (MRE11, NBN and ATM) encode components of the MRN–ATM pathway, which limits cell division after DNA damage and telomere attrition11–13; another two (MPL and SH2B3) encode proteins that regulate the self-renewal of stem cells14–16. In addition, we found that CN-LOH mutations across the genome tended to cause chromosomal segments with alleles that promote the expansion of haematopoietic cells to replace their homologous (allelic) counterparts, increasing polygenic drive for blood-cell proliferation traits. Readily acquired mutations that replace chromosomal segments with their homologous counterparts seem to interact with pervasive inherited variation to create a challenge for lifelong cytopoiesis.

Suggested Citation

  • Po-Ru Loh & Giulio Genovese & Steven A. McCarroll, 2020. "Monogenic and polygenic inheritance become instruments for clonal selection," Nature, Nature, vol. 584(7819), pages 136-141, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:584:y:2020:i:7819:d:10.1038_s41586-020-2430-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2430-6
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrew K. Ressler & Daniel A. Snellings & Romuald Girard & Carol J. Gallione & Rhonda Lightle & Andrew S. Allen & Issam A. Awad & Douglas A. Marchuk, 2023. "Single-nucleus DNA sequencing reveals hidden somatic loss-of-heterozygosity in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Yash Pershad & Taralynn Mack & Hannah Poisner & Yasminka A. Jakubek & Adrienne M. Stilp & Braxton D. Mitchell & Joshua P. Lewis & Eric Boerwinkle & Ruth J. F. Loos & Nathalie Chami & Zhe Wang & Kathle, 2024. "Determinants of mosaic chromosomal alteration fitness," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Derek W. Brown & Liam D. Cato & Yajie Zhao & Satish K. Nandakumar & Erik L. Bao & Eugene J. Gardner & Aubrey K. Hubbard & Alexander DePaulis & Thomas Rehling & Lei Song & Kai Yu & Stephen J. Chanock &, 2023. "Shared and distinct genetic etiologies for different types of clonal hematopoiesis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    4. Derek W. Brown & Weiyin Zhou & Youjin Wang & Kristine Jones & Wen Luo & Casey Dagnall & Kedest Teshome & Alyssa Klein & Tongwu Zhang & Shu-Hong Lin & Olivia W. Lee & Sairah Khan & Jacqueline B. Vo & A, 2022. "Germline-somatic JAK2 interactions are associated with clonal expansion in myelofibrosis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.

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