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Observation of the exceptional-point-enhanced Sagnac effect

Author

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  • Yu-Hung Lai

    (T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology
    OEwaves)

  • Yu-Kun Lu

    (T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    Peking University)

  • Myoung-Gyun Suh

    (T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology
    NTT Physics and Informatics Laboratory)

  • Zhiquan Yuan

    (T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology)

  • Kerry Vahala

    (T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Exceptional points (EPs) are special spectral degeneracies of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that govern the dynamics of open systems. At an EP, two or more eigenvalues, and the corresponding eigenstates, coalesce1–3. Recently, it was predicted that operation of an optical gyroscope near an EP results in improved response to rotations4,5. However, the performance of such a system has not been examined experimentally. Here we introduce a precisely controllable physical system for the study of non-Hermitian physics and nonlinear optics in high-quality-factor microresonators. Because this system dissipatively couples counter-propagating lightwaves within the resonator, it also functions as a sensitive gyroscope for the measurement of rotations. We use our system to investigate the predicted EP-enhanced Sagnac effect4,5 and observe a four-fold increase in the Sagnac scale factor by directly measuring rotations applied to the resonator. The level of enhancement can be controlled by adjusting the system bias relative to the EP, and modelling results confirm the observed enhancement. Moreover, we characterize the sensitivity of the gyroscope near the EP. Besides verifying EP physics, this work is important for the understanding of optical gyroscopes.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu-Hung Lai & Yu-Kun Lu & Myoung-Gyun Suh & Zhiquan Yuan & Kerry Vahala, 2019. "Observation of the exceptional-point-enhanced Sagnac effect," Nature, Nature, vol. 576(7785), pages 65-69, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:576:y:2019:i:7785:d:10.1038_s41586-019-1777-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1777-z
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    Cited by:

    1. Arunn Suntharalingam & Lucas Fernández-Alcázar & Rodion Kononchuk & Tsampikos Kottos, 2023. "Noise resilient exceptional-point voltmeters enabled by oscillation quenching phenomena," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Yumeng Yang & Xinrong Xie & Yuanzhen Li & Zijian Zhang & Yiwei Peng & Chi Wang & Erping Li & Ying Li & Hongsheng Chen & Fei Gao, 2022. "Radiative anti-parity-time plasmonics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Xin Zhou & Xingjing Ren & Dingbang Xiao & Jianqi Zhang & Ran Huang & Zhipeng Li & Xiaopeng Sun & Xuezhong Wu & Cheng-Wei Qiu & Franco Nori & Hui Jing, 2023. "Higher-order singularities in phase-tracked electromechanical oscillators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. A. Hashemi & K. Busch & D. N. Christodoulides & S. K. Ozdemir & R. El-Ganainy, 2022. "Linear response theory of open systems with exceptional points," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    5. Baheej Bathish & Raanan Gad & Fan Cheng & Kristoffer Karlsson & Ramgopal Madugani & Mark Douvidzon & Síle Nic Chormaic & Tal Carmon, 2023. "Absorption-induced transmission in plasma microphotonics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.

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