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Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Author

Listed:
  • Roy Burstein

    (University of Washington)

  • Nathaniel J. Henry

    (University of Washington)

  • Michael L. Collison

    (University of Washington)

  • Laurie B. Marczak

    (University of Washington)

  • Amber Sligar

    (University of Washington)

  • Stefanie Watson

    (University of Washington)

  • Neal Marquez

    (University of Washington)

  • Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi

    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences)

  • Masoumeh Abbasi

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Foad Abd-Allah

    (Cairo University)

  • Amir Abdoli

    (Jahrom University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mohammad Abdollahi

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ibrahim Abdollahpour

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Arak University of Medical Sciences)

  • Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader

    (Ministry of Health)

  • Michael R. M. Abrigo

    (Philippine Institute for Development Studies)

  • Dilaram Acharya

    (Dongguk University
    Kathmandu University)

  • Oladimeji M. Adebayo

    (University College Hospital)

  • Victor Adekanmbi

    (Cardiff University)

  • Davoud Adham

    (Ardabil University of Medical Science)

  • Mahdi Afshari

    (Zabol University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mohammad Aghaali

    (Qom University of Medical Sciences)

  • Keivan Ahmadi

    (University of Lincoln)

  • Mehdi Ahmadi

    (Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ehsan Ahmadpour

    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences)

  • Rushdia Ahmed

    (Brac University
    International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh)

  • Chalachew Genet Akal

    (Bahir Dar University)

  • Joshua O. Akinyemi

    (University of Ibadan)

  • Fares Alahdab

    (Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research)

  • Noore Alam

    (Queensland Health)

  • Genet Melak Alamene

    (Madda Walabu University)

  • Kefyalew Addis Alene

    (University of Gondar
    Australian National University)

  • Mehran Alijanzadeh

    (Qazvin University of Medical Sciences)

  • Cyrus Alinia

    (Urmia University of Medical Science)

  • Vahid Alipour

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences
    Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Syed Mohamed Aljunid

    (Kuwait University
    National University of Malaysia)

  • Mohammed J. Almalki

    (Jazan University
    Jazan University)

  • Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi

    (Jazan University
    Sana’a University)

  • Khalid Altirkawi

    (King Saud University)

  • Nelson Alvis-Guzman

    (Universidad de Cartagena
    Universidad de la Costa)

  • Adeladza Kofi Amegah

    (University of Cape Coast)

  • Saeed Amini

    (Arak University of Medical Sciences)

  • Arianna Maever Loreche Amit

    (University of the Philippines Manila
    Johns Hopkins University)

  • Zohreh Anbari

    (Arak University of Medical Sciences)

  • Sofia Androudi

    (University of Thessaly)

  • Mina Anjomshoa

    (Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Fereshteh Ansari

    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences)

  • Carl Abelardo T. Antonio

    (University of the Philippines Manila
    Hong Kong Polytechnic University)

  • Jalal Arabloo

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Zohreh Arefi

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Olatunde Aremu

    (Birmingham City University)

  • Bahram Armoon

    (Saveh University of Medical Sciences
    Saveh University of Medical Sciences)

  • Amit Arora

    (Western Sydney University
    Sydney Local Health District)

  • Al Artaman

    (University of Manitoba)

  • Anvar Asadi

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Amir Ashraf-Ganjouei

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Reza Assadi

    (Mashhad University of Medical Sciences)

  • Bahar Ataeinia

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Sachin R. Atre

    (Johns Hopkins University
    Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College)

  • Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla

    (La Trobe University
    Peruvian National Institute of Health)

  • Martin Amogre Ayanore

    (University of Health and Allied Sciences)

  • Samad Azari

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ebrahim Babaee

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Arefeh Babazadeh

    (Center for Infectious Diseases Research)

  • Alaa Badawi

    (Public Health Agency of Canada
    University of Toronto)

  • Soghra Bagheri

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

    (Sharif University of Technology)

  • Nafiseh Baheiraei

    (Tarbiat Modares University
    Advanced Technologies Research Group)

  • Abbas Balouchi

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Aleksandra Barac

    (Clinical Center of Serbia
    University of Belgrade)

  • Quique Bassat

    (University of Barcelona
    Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA))

  • Bernhard T. Baune

    (Melbourne Medical School)

  • Mohsen Bayati

    (Shiraz University of Medical Sciences)

  • Neeraj Bedi

    (Jazan University
    Gandhi Medical College Bhopal)

  • Ettore Beghi

    (Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research)

  • Masoud Behzadifar

    (Lorestan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Meysam Behzadifar

    (Lorestan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Yared Belete Belay

    (Mekelle University)

  • Brent Bell

    (University of Washington)

  • Michelle L. Bell

    (Yale University)

  • Dessalegn Ajema Berbada

    (Arba Minch University)

  • Robert S. Bernstein

    (Emory University
    University of South Florida)

  • Natalia V. Bhattacharjee

    (University of Washington)

  • Suraj Bhattarai

    (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
    Nepal Academy of Science & Technology)

  • Zulfiqar A. Bhutta

    (University of Toronto
    Aga Khan University)

  • Ali Bijani

    (Babol University of Medical Sciences)

  • Somayeh Bohlouli

    (Karaj Islamic Azad University)

  • Nicholas J. K. Breitborde

    (Ohio State University
    Ohio State University)

  • Gabrielle Britton

    (Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services
    Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies)

  • Annie J. Browne

    (University of Oxford)

  • Sharath Burugina Nagaraja

    (Employees’ State Insurance Model Hospital)

  • Reinhard Busse

    (Technical University of Berlin)

  • Zahid A. Butt

    (University of British Columbia
    Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital)

  • Josip Car

    (Nanyang Technological University
    Imperial College London)

  • Rosario Cárdenas

    (Metropolitan Autonomous University)

  • Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela

    (National Institute of Health
    National University of Colombia)

  • Ester Cerin

    (Australian Catholic University
    University of Hong Kong)

  • Wagaye Fentahun Chanie

    (University of Gondar)

  • Pranab Chatterjee

    (National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases)

  • Dinh-Toi Chu

    (Hanoi National University of Education)

  • Cyrus Cooper

    (University of Oxford
    University of Southampton)

  • Vera M. Costa

    (University of Porto)

  • Koustuv Dalal

    (Institute of Public Health Kalyani
    Orebro University)

  • Lalit Dandona

    (University of Washington
    Public Health Foundation of India)

  • Rakhi Dandona

    (University of Washington
    Public Health Foundation of India)

  • Farah Daoud

    (University of Washington)

  • Ahmad Daryani

    (Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Rajat Gupta

    (Brac University)

  • Ian Davis

    (University of Washington)

  • Nicole Davis Weaver

    (University of Washington)

  • Dragos Virgil Davitoiu

    (Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
    Clinical Emergency Hospital St Pantelimon)

  • Jan-Walter Neve

    (Heidelberg University)

  • Feleke Mekonnen Demeke

    (Bahir Dar University)

  • Gebre Teklemariam Demoz

    (Aksum University
    Addis Ababa University)

  • Kebede Deribe

    (Addis Ababa University
    Brighton and Sussex Medical School)

  • Rupak Desai

    (Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center)

  • Aniruddha Deshpande

    (University of Washington)

  • Hanna Demelash Desyibelew

    (Bahir Dar University)

  • Sagnik Dey

    (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi)

  • Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne

    (University of Washington
    University of Peradeniya)

  • Meghnath Dhimal

    (Nepal Health Research Council)

  • Daniel Diaz

    (National Autonomous University of Mexico
    Autonomous University of Sinaloa)

  • Leila Doshmangir

    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences)

  • Andre R. Duraes

    (Federal University of Bahia
    Roberto Santos General Hospital)

  • Laura Dwyer-Lindgren

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • Lucas Earl

    (University of Washington)

  • Roya Ebrahimi

    (Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Soheil Ebrahimpour

    (Center for Infectious Diseases Research)

  • Andem Effiong

    (University of Newcastle)

  • Aziz Eftekhari

    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
    Maragheh University of Medical Sciences)

  • Elham Ehsani-Chimeh

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Iman El Sayed

    (Alexandria University)

  • Maysaa El Sayed Zaki

    (Mansoura University)

  • Maha El Tantawi

    (Alexandria University
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University)

  • Ziad El-Khatib

    (Karolinska Institutet)

  • Mohammad Hassan Emamian

    (Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)

  • Shymaa Enany

    (Suez Canal University)

  • Sharareh Eskandarieh

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Oghenowede Eyawo

    (British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS
    Simon Fraser University)

  • Maha Ezalarab

    (University of Washington)

  • Mahbobeh Faramarzi

    (Babol University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mohammad Fareed

    (Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University)

  • Roghiyeh Faridnia

    (Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Andre Faro

    (Federal University of Sergipe)

  • Ali Akbar Fazaeli

    (Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mehdi Fazlzadeh

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Ardabil University of Medical Science)

  • Netsanet Fentahun

    (Bahir Dar University)

  • Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad

    (Karolinska Institutet
    University of Ottawa)

  • João C. Fernandes

    (Catholic University of Portugal)

  • Irina Filip

    (Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente
    A.T. Still University)

  • Florian Fischer

    (Bielefeld University)

  • Nataliya A. Foigt

    (National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine)

  • Masoud Foroutan

    (Abadan School of Medical Sciences)

  • Joel Msafiri Francis

    (University of the Witwatersrand)

  • Takeshi Fukumoto

    (Cancer Institute (W.I.A.)
    Kobe University)

  • Nancy Fullman

    (University of Washington)

  • Silvano Gallus

    (Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research)

  • Destallem Gebremedhin Gebre

    (Mekelle University
    Dr Tewelde Legesse Health Sciences College)

  • Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot

    (Jimma University)

  • Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel

    (Mekelle University
    Aksum University)

  • Bradford D. Gessner

    (Pfizer
    Agency of Preventive Medicine)

  • Birhanu Geta

    (Wollo University)

  • Peter W. Gething

    (University of Oxford)

  • Reza Ghadimi

    (Babol University of Medical Sciences)

  • Keyghobad Ghadiri

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mahsa Ghajarzadeh

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ahmad Ghashghaee

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Paramjit Singh Gill

    (University of Warwick)

  • Tiffany K. Gill

    (University of Adelaide)

  • Nick Golding

    (University of Melbourne, Parkville)

  • Nelson G. M. Gomes

    (University of Porto
    REQUIMTE/LAQV)

  • Philimon N. Gona

    (University of Massachusetts Boston)

  • Sameer Vali Gopalani

    (University of Oklahoma
    Government of the Federated States of Micronesia)

  • Giuseppe Gorini

    (Cancer Prevention and Research Institute)

  • Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart

    (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul)

  • Nicholas Graetz

    (University of Washington)

  • Felix Greaves

    (Imperial College London
    Public Health England)

  • Manfred S. Green

    (University of Haifa)

  • Yuming Guo

    (Monash University
    Zhengzhou University)

  • Arvin Haj-Mirzaian

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences)

  • Arya Haj-Mirzaian

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Johns Hopkins University)

  • Brian James Hall

    (University of Macau)

  • Samer Hamidi

    (Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University)

  • Hamidreza Haririan

    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences)

  • Josep Maria Haro

    (Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM)
    San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park)

  • Milad Hasankhani

    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences)

  • Edris Hasanpoor

    (Healthcare Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences)

  • Amir Hasanzadeh

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Maragheh University of Medical Sciences)

  • Hadi Hassankhani

    (School of Nursing and Midwifery Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
    Independent Consultant)

  • Hamid Yimam Hassen

    (Mizan-Tepi University
    University Hospital Antwerp)

  • Mohamed I. Hegazy

    (Cairo University)

  • Delia Hendrie

    (Curtin University)

  • Fatemeh Heydarpour

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Thomas R. Hird

    (Monash University
    Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute)

  • Chi Linh Hoang

    (Nguyen Tat Thanh University)

  • Gillian Hollerich

    (University of Washington)

  • Enayatollah Homaie Rad

    (Guilan University of Medical Sciences
    Guilan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mojtaba Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Naznin Hossain

    (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
    University of Dhaka)

  • Mostafa Hosseini

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences
    University of Human Development)

  • Mihaela Hostiuc

    (Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
    Bucharest Emergency Hospital)

  • Sorin Hostiuc

    (Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
    National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici)

  • Mowafa Househ

    (Hamad Bin Khalifa University
    Science and Community Development)

  • Mohamed Hsairi

    (Medicine School of Tunis)

  • Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi

    (University of Ibadan)

  • Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab

    (Lorestan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Usman Iqbal

    (Taipei Medical University)

  • Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani

    (Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences)

  • Nazrul Islam

    (University of Cambridge
    Harvard University)

  • Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam

    (Deakin University
    University of Sydney)

  • Mikk Jürisson

    (University of Tartu)

  • Nader Jafari Balalami

    (Babol Nushirvani University of Technology)

  • Amir Jalali

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Javad Javidnia

    (Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Achala Upendra Jayatilleke

    (University of Colombo
    University of Colombo)

  • Ensiyeh Jenabi

    (A.T. Still University)

  • John S. Ji

    (Duke Kunshan University)

  • Yash B. Jobanputra

    (University of Miami)

  • Kimberly Johnson

    (University of Washington)

  • Jost B. Jonas

    (Heidelberg University
    Beijing Tongren Hospital)

  • Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari

    (University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences)

  • Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak

    (University of Opole
    University of Opole)

  • Ali Kabir

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Amaha Kahsay

    (Mekelle University)

  • Hamed Kalani

    (Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
    Isfahan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Rohollah Kalhor

    (Qazvin University of Medical Sciences)

  • Manoochehr Karami

    (Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Surendra Karki

    (Australian Red Cross Blood Service
    University of New South Wales)

  • Amir Kasaeian

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Nicholas J. Kassebaum

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • Peter Njenga Keiyoro

    (Odel Campus, University of Nairobi)

  • Grant Rodgers Kemp

    (University of Washington
    Michigan State University)

  • Roghayeh Khabiri

    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Yousef Saleh Khader

    (Jordan University of Science and Technology)

  • Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie

    (Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ejaz Ahmad Khan

    (Health Services Academy)

  • Junaid Khan

    (International Institute for Population Sciences)

  • Muhammad Shahzeb Khan

    (John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County
    Dow University of Health Sciences)

  • Young-Ho Khang

    (Seoul National University
    Seoul National University)

  • Khaled Khatab

    (Sheffield Hallam University
    Ohio University)

  • Amir Khater

    (National Hepatology and Tropical Research Institute)

  • Mona M. Khater

    (Cairo University)

  • Alireza Khatony

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mohammad Khazaei

    (Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Salman Khazaei

    (Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Maryam Khazaei-Pool

    (Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Jagdish Khubchandani

    (Ball State University)

  • Neda Kianipour

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
    Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Yun Jin Kim

    (Xiamen University Malaysia)

  • Ruth W. Kimokoti

    (Simmons College)

  • Damaris K. Kinyoki

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • Adnan Kisa

    (Kristiania University College
    University of South Carolina)

  • Sezer Kisa

    (Oslo Metropolitan University)

  • Tufa Kolola

    (Debre Berhan University)

  • Soewarta Kosen

    (Independent Consultant)

  • Parvaiz A. Koul

    (Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences)

  • Ai Koyanagi

    (Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)
    San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park)

  • Moritz U. G. Kraemer

    (University of Oxford
    Harvard University)

  • Kewal Krishan

    (Panjab University)

  • Kris J. Krohn

    (University of Washington)

  • Nuworza Kugbey

    (University of Health and Allied Sciences
    University of Kwazulu-Natal)

  • G. Anil Kumar

    (Public Health Foundation of India)

  • Manasi Kumar

    (University of Nairobi
    University College London)

  • Pushpendra Kumar

    (International Institute for Population Sciences)

  • Desmond Kuupiel

    (University of Kwazulu-Natal
    Nursing, St John of God Hospital)

  • Ben Lacey

    (University of Oxford
    National Institute for Health Research (NIHR))

  • Sheetal D. Lad

    (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research)

  • Faris Hasan Lami

    (Academy of Medical Science)

  • Anders O. Larsson

    (Uppsala University
    Uppsala University Hospital)

  • Paul H. Lee

    (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)

  • Mostafa Leili

    (Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Aubrey J. Levine

    (University of Washington)

  • Shanshan Li

    (Monash University)

  • Lee-Ling Lim

    (University of Malaya
    The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

  • Stefan Listl

    (Radboud University
    Heidelberg University Hospital)

  • Joshua Longbottom

    (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine)

  • Jaifred Christian F. Lopez

    (University of the Philippines Manila
    Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes)

  • Stefan Lorkowski

    (Friedrich Schiller University Jena
    Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (NUTRICARD))

  • Sameh Magdeldin

    (Suez Canal University
    Suez Canal University)

  • Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek

    (Damietta University)

  • Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek

    (Aswan Faculty of Medicine)

  • Azeem Majeed

    (Imperial College London)

  • Afshin Maleki

    (Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Reza Malekzadeh

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Shiraz University of Medical Sciences)

  • Deborah Carvalho Malta

    (Federal University of Minas Gerais)

  • Abdullah A. Mamun

    (The University of Queensland)

  • Navid Manafi

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences
    University of Manitoba)

  • Ana-Laura Manda

    (Emergency University Hospital Bucharest)

  • Morteza Mansourian

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo

    (Science and Technology of Ceará)

  • Anthony Masaka

    (Botho University-Botswana)

  • Benjamin Ballard Massenburg

    (University of Washington)

  • Pallab K. Maulik

    (University of New South Wales
    The George Institute for Global Health)

  • Benjamin K. Mayala

    (University of Washington)

  • Mohsen Mazidi

    (Chalmers University of Technology)

  • Martin McKee

    (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine)

  • Ravi Mehrotra

    (National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research)

  • Kala M. Mehta

    (University of California San Francisco)

  • Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles

    (Arba Minch University)

  • Walter Mendoza

    (United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA))

  • Ritesh G. Menezes

    (Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University)

  • Atte Meretoja

    (Helsinki University Hospital
    University of Melbourne)

  • Tuomo J. Meretoja

    (Helsinki University Hospital
    University of Helsinki)

  • Tomislav Mestrovic

    (Dr Zora Profozic Polyclinic
    University Centre Varazdin, University North)

  • Ted R. Miller

    (Curtin University
    Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation)

  • Molly K. Miller-Petrie

    (University of Washington)

  • Edward J. Mills

    (McMaster University)

  • George J. Milne

    (University of Western Australia)

  • G. K. Mini

    (Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences)

  • Seyed Mostafa Mir

    (Babol University of Medical Sciences
    Golestan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Hamed Mirjalali

    (Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences)

  • Erkin M. Mirrakhimov

    (Kyrgyz State Medical Academy
    National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease)

  • Efat Mohamadi

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Dara K. Mohammad

    (Karolinska Institutet
    Salahaddin University-Erbil)

  • Aso Mohammad Darwesh

    (University of Human Development)

  • Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji

    (Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ammas Siraj Mohammed

    (Haramaya University)

  • Shafiu Mohammed

    (Heidelberg University
    Ahmadu Bello University)

  • Ali H. Mokdad

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • Mariam Molokhia

    (King’s College London)

  • Lorenzo Monasta

    (Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health)

  • Yoshan Moodley

    (University of Kwazulu-Natal)

  • Mahmood Moosazadeh

    (Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ghobad Moradi

    (Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
    Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Masoud Moradi

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
    Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Yousef Moradi

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Maziar Moradi-Lakeh

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mehdi Moradinazar

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Paula Moraga

    (University of Bath)

  • Lidia Morawska

    (Queensland University of Technology)

  • Abbas Mosapour

    (Babol University of Medical Sciences
    Tarbiat Modares University)

  • Seyyed Meysam Mousavi

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ulrich Otto Mueller

    (Federal Institute for Population Research
    Center for Population and Health)

  • Atalay Goshu Muluneh

    (University of Gondar)

  • Ghulam Mustafa

    (Nishtar Medical University
    Institute of Mother & Child Care)

  • Behnam Nabavizadeh

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mehdi Naderi

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan

    (Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development
    Bioinsilico Technologies)

  • Azin Nahvijou

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Farid Najafi

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Vinay Nangia

    (Suraj Eye Institute)

  • Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe

    (South African Medical Research Council)

  • Nahid Neamati

    (Babol University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ionut Negoi

    (Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
    Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy)

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    (Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
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  • Josephine W. Ngunjiri

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    (Iran University of Medical Sciences
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    (Public Health Foundation of India)

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    (Kosin University)

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    (Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences)

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    (Population Council
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    (Ateneo De Manila University)

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    (Harvard University
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    (Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences)

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    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

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    (Aarhus University)

  • Hadi Pourjafar

    (Maragheh University of Medical Sciences
    Maragheh University of Medical Sciences)

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    (International Institute for Population Sciences)

  • Mostafa Qorbani

    (Alborz University of Medical Sciences)

  • Hedley Quintana

    (Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies)

  • Mohammad Rabiee

    (Amirkabir University of Technology)

  • Navid Rabiee

    (Sharif University of Technology)

  • Amir Radfar

    (A.T. Still University
    Medichem)

  • Alireza Rafiei

    (Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
    Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences)

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    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences)

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    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Shadi Rahimzadeh

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Fatemeh Rajati

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Sree Bhushan Raju

    (Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences)

  • Azra Ramezankhani

    (Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
    Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences)

  • Chhabi Lal Ranabhat

    (Policy Research Institute
    Yonsei University)

  • Davide Rasella

    (Federal University of Bahia
    Oswaldo Cruz Foundation)

  • Vahid Rashedi

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Lal Rawal

    (Western Sydney University
    Western Sydney University)

  • Robert C. Reiner Jr

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • Andre M. N. Renzaho

    (Western Sydney University)

  • Satar Rezaei

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Aziz Rezapour

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Seyed Mohammad Riahi

    (Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
    Birjand University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ana Isabel Ribeiro

    (University of Porto)

  • Leonardo Roever

    (Federal University of Uberlândia)

  • Elias Merdassa Roro

    (Addis Ababa University
    Wollega University)

  • Max Roser

    (University of Oxford)

  • Gholamreza Roshandel

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Golestan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Daem Roshani

    (Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Ali Rostami

    (Babol University of Medical Sciences)

  • Enrico Rubagotti

    (Ikiam Amazon Regional University
    Southern University of Science and Technology)

  • Salvatore Rubino

    (University of Sassari)

  • Siamak Sabour

    (Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences)

  • Nafis Sadat

    (University of Washington)

  • Ehsan Sadeghi

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Reza Saeedi

    (Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences)

  • Yahya Safari

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Roya Safari-Faramani

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mahdi Safdarian

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Amirhossein Sahebkar

    (Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
    Mashhad University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mohammad Reza Salahshoor

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Nasir Salam

    (Department of Pathology, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University)

  • Payman Salamati

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    York University)

  • Farkhonde Salehi

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Saleh Salehi Zahabi

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
    Taleghani Hospital)

  • Yahya Salimi

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Hamideh Salimzadeh

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Joshua A. Salomon

    (Stanford University)

  • Evanson Zondani Sambala

    (South African Medical Research Council)

  • Abdallah M. Samy

    (Ain Shams University)

  • Milena M. Santric Milicevic

    (University of Belgrade)

  • Bruno Piassi Sao Jose

    (Federal University of Minas Gerais)

  • Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy

    (PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
    PSG-FAIMER South Asia Regional Institute)

  • Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez

    (University of Applied and Environmental Sciences)

  • Benn Sartorius

    (University of Washington
    London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine)

  • Brijesh Sathian

    (Hamad Medical Corporation
    Bournemouth University)

  • Sonia Saxena

    (Imperial College London)

  • Alyssa N. Sbarra

    (University of Washington)

  • Lauren E. Schaeffer

    (University of Washington)

  • David C. Schwebel

    (University of Alabama at Birmingham)

  • Sadaf G. Sepanlou

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Shiraz University of Medical Sciences)

  • Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Faramarz Shaahmadi

    (Alborz University of Medical Sciences)

  • Masood Ali Shaikh

    (Independent Consultant)

  • Mehran Shams-Beyranvand

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Dezful University of Medical Sciences)

  • Amir Shamshirian

    (Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Morteza Shamsizadeh

    (Hamadan University of Medical Sciences)

  • Kiomars Sharafi

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mehdi Sharif

    (Karaj Islamic Azad University
    Karaj Islamic Azad University)

  • Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini

    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Hamid Sharifi

    (Kerman University of Medical Sciences)

  • Jayendra Sharma

    (Ministry of Health)

  • Rajesh Sharma

    (Delhi Technological University)

  • Aziz Sheikh

    (Harvard University
    University of Edinburgh)

  • Chloe Shields

    (University of Washington)

  • Mika Shigematsu

    (National Institute of Infectious Diseases)

  • Rahman Shiri

    (Finnish Institute of Occupational Health)

  • Ivy Shiue

    (Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg)

  • Kerem Shuval

    (University of Haifa)

  • Tariq J. Siddiqi

    (Dow University of Health Sciences)

  • João Pedro Silva

    (University of Porto)

  • Jasvinder A. Singh

    (University of Alabama at Birmingham
    University of Alabama at Birmingham)

  • Dhirendra Narain Sinha

    (School of Preventive Oncology
    Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health)

  • Malede Mequanent Sisay

    (University of Gondar
    Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals)

  • Solomon Sisay

    (German Leprosy and TB Relief Association Ethiopia)

  • Karen Sliwa

    (University of Cape Town)

  • David L. Smith

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • Ranjani Somayaji

    (University of Washington
    University of Calgary)

  • Moslem Soofi

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Joan B. Soriano

    (Autonomous University of Madrid
    Institute of Health Carlos III)

  • Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy

    (International Medical University)

  • Agus Sudaryanto

    (Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta)

  • Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan

    (Ahmadu Bello University)

  • Bryan L. Sykes

    (University of California Irvine)

  • P. N. Sylaja

    (Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology)

  • Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos

    (Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM)
    University of Valencia)

  • Karen M. Tabb

    (University of Illinois)

  • Takahiro Tabuchi

    (Osaka International Cancer Institute)

  • Nuno Taveira

    (University Institute ‘Egas Moniz’
    University of Lisbon)

  • Mohamad-Hani Temsah

    (King Saud University
    Alfaisal University)

  • Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi

    (University of Virginia
    Syrian Expatriate Medical Association (SEMA))

  • Zemenu Tadesse Tessema

    (University of Gondar)

  • Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan

    (Central University Kerala)

  • Sathish Thirunavukkarasu

    (Nanyang Technological University)

  • Quyen G. To

    (Queensland University of Technology)

  • Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone

    (University of São Paulo)

  • Bach Xuan Tran

    (Hanoi Medical University)

  • Khanh Bao Tran

    (University of Auckland
    Military Medical University)

  • Irfan Ullah

    (Gomal University
    Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital)

  • Muhammad Shariq Usman

    (Dow University of Health Sciences)

  • Olalekan A. Uthman

    (University of Warwick)

  • Amir Vahedian-Azimi

    (Trauma Research Center
    Trauma Research Center)

  • Pascual R. Valdez

    (Argentine Society of Medicine
    Velez Sarsfield Hospital)

  • Job F. M. Boven

    (University of Groningen
    University Medical Center Groningen)

  • Tommi Juhani Vasankari

    (Ukk Institute)

  • Yasser Vasseghian

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Yousef Veisani

    (Ilam University of Medical Sciences)

  • Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian

    (Raffles Hospital
    National University of Singapore)

  • Francesco S. Violante

    (University of Bologna
    Sant’orsola Malpighi Hospital)

  • Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov

    (Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
    I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University)

  • Vasily Vlassov

    (National Research University Higher School of Economics)

  • Theo Vos

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • Giang Thu Vu

    (Nguyen Tat Thanh University)

  • Isidora S. Vujcic

    (University of Belgrade)

  • Yasir Waheed

    (Foundation University)

  • Jon Wakefield

    (University of Washington)

  • Haidong Wang

    (University of Washington
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  • Yafeng Wang

    (Wuhan University)

  • Yuan-Pang Wang

    (University of São Paulo)

  • Joseph L. Ward

    (University College London)

  • Robert G. Weintraub

    (Royal Children’s Hospital
    Murdoch Childrens Research Institute)

  • Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs

    (Mekelle University)

  • Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel

    (Aksum University)

  • Ronny Westerman

    (Federal Institute for Population Research)

  • Charles Shey Wiysonge

    (Medical Research Council South Africa
    Stellenbosch University)

  • Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash

    (Mekelle University
    Addis Ababa University)

  • Lauren Woyczynski

    (University of Washington)

  • Ai-Min Wu

    (Wenzhou Medical University)

  • Gelin Xu

    (Nanjing University)

  • Abbas Yadegar

    (Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences)

  • Tomohide Yamada

    (University of Tokyo)

  • Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi

    (Kerman University of Medical Sciences
    Kerman University of Medical Sciences)

  • Christopher Sabo Yilgwan

    (University of Jos
    Jos University Teaching Hospital)

  • Paul Yip

    (University of Hong Kong
    University of Hong Kong)

  • Naohiro Yonemoto

    (National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry)

  • Javad Yoosefi Lebni

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Mustafa Z. Younis

    (Jackson State University
    Tsinghua University)

  • Mahmoud Yousefifard

    (Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences)

  • Hebat-Allah Salah A. Yousof

    (Cairo University)

  • Chuanhua Yu

    (Wuhan University
    Wuhan University)

  • Hasan Yusefzadeh

    (A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital)

  • Erfan Zabeh

    (Sharif University of Technology
    Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences)

  • Telma Zahirian Moghadam

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences
    Ardabil University of Medical Science)

  • Sojib Zaman

    (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
    Monash University)

  • Mohammad Zamani

    (Babol University of Medical Sciences)

  • Hamed Zandian

    (Ardabil University of Medical Science
    Ardabil University of Medical Science)

  • Alireza Zangeneh

    (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences)

  • Taddese Alemu Zerfu

    (African Population Health Research Centre
    Dilla University)

  • Yunquan Zhang

    (Wuhan University
    Wuhan University of Science and Technology)

  • Arash Ziapour

    (Iran University of Medical Sciences)

  • Sanjay Zodpey

    (Public Health Foundation of India)

  • Christopher J. L. Murray

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

  • Simon I. Hay

    (University of Washington
    University of Washington)

Abstract

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Roy Burstein & Nathaniel J. Henry & Michael L. Collison & Laurie B. Marczak & Amber Sligar & Stefanie Watson & Neal Marquez & Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi & Masoumeh Abbasi & Foad Abd-Allah & Amir Abd, 2019. "Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017," Nature, Nature, vol. 574(7778), pages 353-358, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:574:y:2019:i:7778:d:10.1038_s41586-019-1545-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1545-0
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    Cited by:

    1. Laura Schmidt & Mahmoud Elkasabi, 2022. "Accumulating Birth Histories Across Surveys for Improved Estimates of Child Mortality," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 41(5), pages 2177-2209, October.
    2. Sundar Ponnusamy, 2022. "Rainfall shocks, child mortality, and water infrastructure," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(7), pages 1317-1338, July.

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