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Mapping tree density at a global scale

Author

Listed:
  • T. W. Crowther

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

  • H. B. Glick

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

  • K. R. Covey

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

  • C. Bettigole

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

  • D. S. Maynard

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

  • S. M. Thomas

    (University of Helsinki)

  • J. R. Smith

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

  • G. Hintler

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

  • M. C. Duguid

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

  • G. Amatulli

    (Yale University)

  • M.-N. Tuanmu

    (Yale University)

  • W. Jetz

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University
    Yale University
    Silwood Park, Imperial College)

  • C. Salas

    (Universidad de La Frontera)

  • C. Stam

    (RedCastle Resources)

  • D. Piotto

    (Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia)

  • R. Tavani

    (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)

  • S. Green

    (Operation Wallacea
    Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation (SAC), University of Kent)

  • G. Bruce

    (Operation Wallacea)

  • S. J. Williams

    (Molecular Imaging Research Center MIRCen/CEA, CNRS URA 2210)

  • S. K. Wiser

    (Landcare Research)

  • M. O. Huber

    (WSL, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research)

  • G. M. Hengeveld

    (Environmental Science Group, Wageningen University & Research Centre)

  • G.-J. Nabuurs

    (Environmental Science Group, Wageningen University & Research Centre)

  • E. Tikhonova

    (Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity RAS)

  • P. Borchardt

    (CEN Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg)

  • C.-F. Li

    (Masaryk University)

  • L. W. Powrie

    (South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre)

  • M. Fischer

    (Institute of Plant Sciences, Botanical Garden, and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern
    Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BIK-F))

  • A. Hemp

    (University of Bayreuth)

  • J. Homeier

    (Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University of Göttingen)

  • P. Cho

    (Tropical Ecology Research Group, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University)

  • A. C. Vibrans

    (Universidade Regional de Blumenau)

  • P. M. Umunay

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

  • S. L. Piao

    (Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University)

  • C. W. Rowe

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

  • M. S. Ashton

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

  • P. R. Crane

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

  • M. A. Bradford

    (Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University)

Abstract

Ground-sourced tree density data is assembled to provide a global map of tree density, which reveals that there are three trillion trees (tenfold more than previous estimates); tree numbers have declined by nearly half since the start of human civilization and over 15 billion trees are lost on an annual basis.

Suggested Citation

  • T. W. Crowther & H. B. Glick & K. R. Covey & C. Bettigole & D. S. Maynard & S. M. Thomas & J. R. Smith & G. Hintler & M. C. Duguid & G. Amatulli & M.-N. Tuanmu & W. Jetz & C. Salas & C. Stam & D. Piot, 2015. "Mapping tree density at a global scale," Nature, Nature, vol. 525(7568), pages 201-205, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:525:y:2015:i:7568:d:10.1038_nature14967
    DOI: 10.1038/nature14967
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ling Yao & Tang Liu & Jun Qin & Hou Jiang & Lin Yang & Pete Smith & Xi Chen & Chenghu Zhou & Shilong Piao, 2024. "Carbon sequestration potential of tree planting in China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Shubhendu Singh & Gaurvendra Singh, 2024. "Agroforestry for Sustainable Development: Assessing Frameworks to Drive Agricultural Sector Growth," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(9), pages 22281-22317, September.
    3. Conor Waldock & Bernhard Wegscheider & Dario Josi & Bárbara Borges Calegari & Jakob Brodersen & Luiz Jardim de Queiroz & Ole Seehausen, 2024. "Deconstructing the geography of human impacts on species’ natural distribution," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Mark A. Anthony & Leho Tedersoo & Bruno Vos & Luc Croisé & Henning Meesenburg & Markus Wagner & Henning Andreae & Frank Jacob & Paweł Lech & Anna Kowalska & Martin Greve & Genoveva Popova & Beat Frey , 2024. "Fungal community composition predicts forest carbon storage at a continental scale," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    5. Ewa E. Kurowska & Andrzej Czerniak & Janusz Bańkowski & Adrian Kasztelan, 2024. "Potential Identification of Root System Architecture Using GPR for Tree Translocation as a Sustainable Forestry Task: A Case Study of the Wild Service Tree," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-26, October.
    6. Wenqing Li & Rubén D. Manzanedo & Yuan Jiang & Wenqiu Ma & Enzai Du & Shoudong Zhao & Tim Rademacher & Manyu Dong & Hui Xu & Xinyu Kang & Jun Wang & Fang Wu & Xuefeng Cui & Neil Pederson, 2023. "Reassessment of growth-climate relations indicates the potential for decline across Eurasian boreal larch forests," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    7. Yann Duval & Simon Hardy, 2021. "Climate Change and Trade Facilitation: Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emission Savings from Implementation of Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific," Journal of Asian Economic Integration, , vol. 3(2), pages 190-210, September.
    8. Nazam Maqbool, 2024. "Challenges And Opportunities Of The Ten Billion Tree Tsunami Project (TBTTPP): A Case Study Of The Ex-FATA (Pakistan)," PIDE Knowledge Brief 2024:111, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    9. Kate Dooley & Kirstine Lund Christiansen & Jens Friis Lund & Wim Carton & Alister Self, 2024. "Over-reliance on land for carbon dioxide removal in net-zero climate pledges," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    10. Dhaubanjar, Sanita & Lutz, Arthur F & Pradhananga, Saurav & Smolenaars, Wouter & Khanal, Sonu & Biemans, Hester & Nepal, Santosh & Ludwig, Fulco & Shrestha, Arun Bhakta & Immerzeel, Walter W, 2024. "From theoretical to sustainable potential for run-of-river hydropower development in the upper Indus basin," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
    11. André Vizinho & Adriana Príncipe & Ana Cátia Vasconcelos & Rui Rebelo & Cristina Branquinho & Gil Penha-Lopes, 2023. "Using and Creating Microclimates for Cork Oak Adaptation to Climate Change," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-15, February.
    12. Kailiang Yu & Philippe Ciais & Sonia I. Seneviratne & Zhihua Liu & Han Y. H. Chen & Jonathan Barichivich & Craig D. Allen & Hui Yang & Yuanyuan Huang & Ashley P. Ballantyne, 2022. "Field-based tree mortality constraint reduces estimates of model-projected forest carbon sinks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    13. Sangsan Phumsathan & Kunanon Daonurai & Ekaphan Kraichak & Sarawood Sungkaew & Atchara Teerawatananon & Nantachai Pongpattananurak, 2022. "Effects of Fire on Diversity and Aboveground Biomass of Understory Communities in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in Western Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-17, November.
    14. Rob Roggema, 2024. "Let the Trees ‘Talk’: Giving Voice to Nature through an Immersive Experience," World, MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-12, May.
    15. Huang, Jing & Echeverri, Dalia Patino & Zhang, Zhengfeng, 2024. "Planting trees is a cost-effective way to reduce residential electricity consumption and abate atmospheric CO2," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 373(C).
    16. Siyuan Fang & Xingyi Lyu & Tian Tong & Aniqa Ibnat Lim & Tao Li & Jiming Bao & Yun Hang Hu, 2023. "Turning dead leaves into an active multifunctional material as evaporator, photocatalyst, and bioplastic," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.

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