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Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Wolfgang Haak

    (Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Environment Institute, University of Adelaide)

  • Iosif Lazaridis

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Nick Patterson

    (Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Nadin Rohland

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Swapan Mallick

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School)

  • Bastien Llamas

    (Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Environment Institute, University of Adelaide)

  • Guido Brandt

    (Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany)

  • Susanne Nordenfelt

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT)

  • Eadaoin Harney

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School)

  • Kristin Stewardson

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School)

  • Qiaomei Fu

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
    Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
    Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Alissa Mittnik

    (Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany)

  • Eszter Bánffy

    (Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary
    Römisch Germanische Kommission (RGK) Frankfurt, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany)

  • Christos Economou

    (Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Michael Francken

    (Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany)

  • Susanne Friederich

    (State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany)

  • Rafael Garrido Pena

    (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain)

  • Fredrik Hallgren

    (The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås 722 12, Sweden)

  • Valery Khartanovich

    (Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, St Petersburg 199034, Russia)

  • Aleksandr Khokhlov

    (Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, Samara 443099, Russia)

  • Michael Kunst

    (Deutsches Archaeologisches Institut, E-28002 Madrid, Spain)

  • Pavel Kuznetsov

    (Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, Samara 443099, Russia)

  • Harald Meller

    (State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany)

  • Oleg Mochalov

    (Volga State Academy of Social Sciences and Humanities, Samara 443099, Russia)

  • Vayacheslav Moiseyev

    (Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, St Petersburg 199034, Russia)

  • Nicole Nicklisch

    (Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
    State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany
    Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria)

  • Sandra L. Pichler

    (Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland)

  • Roberto Risch

    (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Manuel A. Rojo Guerra

    (Universidad de Valladolid, E-47002 Valladolid, Spain)

  • Christina Roth

    (Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany)

  • Anna Szécsényi-Nagy

    (Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
    Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Science, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary)

  • Joachim Wahl

    (State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany)

  • Matthias Meyer

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany)

  • Johannes Krause

    (Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany
    Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany
    Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, D-07745 Jena, Germany)

  • Dorcas Brown

    (Hartwick College)

  • David Anthony

    (Hartwick College)

  • Alan Cooper

    (Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Environment Institute, University of Adelaide)

  • Kurt Werner Alt

    (Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
    State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, D-06114 Halle, Germany
    Danube Private University, A-3500 Krems, Austria
    Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland)

  • David Reich

    (Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School)

Abstract

A genome-wide analysis of 69 ancient Europeans reveals the history of population migrations around the time that Indo-European languages arose in Europe, when there was a large migration into Europe from the Eurasian steppe in the east (providing a genetic ancestry still present in Europeans today); these findings support a ‘steppe origin’ hypothesis for how some Indo-European languages arose.

Suggested Citation

  • Wolfgang Haak & Iosif Lazaridis & Nick Patterson & Nadin Rohland & Swapan Mallick & Bastien Llamas & Guido Brandt & Susanne Nordenfelt & Eadaoin Harney & Kristin Stewardson & Qiaomei Fu & Alissa Mittn, 2015. "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe," Nature, Nature, vol. 522(7555), pages 207-211, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:522:y:2015:i:7555:d:10.1038_nature14317
    DOI: 10.1038/nature14317
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    Cited by:

    1. Mark Hudson & Junzō Uchiyama & Kati Lindström & Takamune Kawashima & Ian Reader & Tinka Delakorda Kawashima & Danièle Martin & J. Christoper Gillam & Linda Gilaizeau & Ilona R. Bausch & Kara C. Hoover, 2022. "Global processes of anthropogenesis characterise the early Anthropocene in the Japanese Islands," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Isabel Alves & Joanna Giemza & Michael G. B. Blum & Carolina Bernhardsson & Stéphanie Chatel & Matilde Karakachoff & Aude Pierre & Anthony F. Herzig & Robert Olaso & Martial Monteil & Véronique Gallie, 2024. "Human genetic structure in Northwest France provides new insights into West European historical demography," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Owen Alexander Higgins & Alessandra Modi & Costanza Cannariato & Maria Angela Diroma & Federico Lugli & Stefano Ricci & Valentina Zaro & Stefania Vai & Antonino Vazzana & Matteo Romandini & He Yu & Fr, 2024. "Life history and ancestry of the late Upper Palaeolithic infant from Grotta delle Mura, Italy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Pooja Swali & Rick Schulting & Alexandre Gilardet & Monica Kelly & Kyriaki Anastasiadou & Isabelle Glocke & Jesse McCabe & Mia Williams & Tony Audsley & Louise Loe & Teresa Fernández-Crespo & Javier O, 2023. "Yersinia pestis genomes reveal plague in Britain 4000 years ago," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Bárbara Sousa da Mota & Simone Rubinacci & Diana Ivette Cruz Dávalos & Carlos Eduardo G. Amorim & Martin Sikora & Niels N. Johannsen & Marzena H. Szmyt & Piotr Włodarczak & Anita Szczepanek & Marcin M, 2023. "Imputation of ancient human genomes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
    6. Ralph, Peter L., 2019. "An empirical approach to demographic inference with genomic data," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 91-101.
    7. Kendra A. Sirak & Daniel M. Fernandes & Mark Lipson & Swapan Mallick & Matthew Mah & Iñigo Olalde & Harald Ringbauer & Nadin Rohland & Carla S. Hadden & Éadaoin Harney & Nicole Adamski & Rebecca Berna, 2021. "Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
    8. Douglas J. Kennett & Mark Lipson & Keith M. Prufer & David Mora-Marín & Richard J. George & Nadin Rohland & Mark Robinson & Willa R. Trask & Heather H. J. Edgar & Ethan C. Hill & Erin E. Ray & Paige L, 2022. "South-to-north migration preceded the advent of intensive farming in the Maya region," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. Chi-Chun Liu & David Witonsky & Anna Gosling & Ju Hyeon Lee & Harald Ringbauer & Richard Hagan & Nisha Patel & Raphaela Stahl & John Novembre & Mark Aldenderfer & Christina Warinner & Anna Di Rienzo &, 2022. "Ancient genomes from the Himalayas illuminate the genetic history of Tibetans and their Tibeto-Burman speaking neighbors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    10. Maciej Chyleński & Przemysław Makarowicz & Anna Juras & Maja Krzewińska & Łukasz Pospieszny & Edvard Ehler & Agnieszka Breszka & Jacek Górski & Halina Taras & Anita Szczepanek & Marta Polańska & Piotr, 2023. "Patrilocality and hunter-gatherer-related ancestry of populations in East-Central Europe during the Middle Bronze Age," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.

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