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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology

Author

Listed:
  • Adam E. Locke

    (Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan)

  • Bratati Kahali

    (University of Michigan)

  • Sonja I. Berndt

    (National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health)

  • Anne E. Justice

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.)

  • Tune H. Pers

    (Boston Children’s Hospital
    Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School
    Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark.)

  • Felix R. Day

    (MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.)

  • Corey Powell

    (University of Michigan)

  • Sailaja Vedantam

    (Boston Children’s Hospital
    Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University)

  • Martin L. Buchkovich

    (University of North Carolina)

  • Jian Yang

    (Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
    The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translation Research Institute, Brisbane 4012, Australia.)

  • Damien C. Croteau-Chonka

    (University of North Carolina
    Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School)

  • Tonu Esko

    (Boston Children’s Hospital
    Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School
    Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.)

  • Tove Fall

    (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
    Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
    Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.)

  • Teresa Ferreira

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.)

  • Stefan Gustafsson

    (Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
    Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.)

  • Zoltán Kutalik

    (Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne 1010, Switzerland.
    Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
    University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland.)

  • Jian’an Luan

    (MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.)

  • Reedik Mägi

    (Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
    Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.)

  • Joshua C. Randall

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
    Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.)

  • Thomas W. Winkler

    (Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.)

  • Andrew R. Wood

    (Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.)

  • Tsegaselassie Workalemahu

    (Harvard School of Public Health)

  • Jessica D. Faul

    (Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan)

  • Jennifer A. Smith

    (University of Michigan)

  • Jing Hua Zhao

    (MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.)

  • Wei Zhao

    (University of Michigan)

  • Jin Chen

    (University of Michigan)

  • Rudolf Fehrmann

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Åsa K. Hedman

    (Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
    Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
    Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.)

  • Juha Karjalainen

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Ellen M. Schmidt

    (University of Michigan)

  • Devin Absher

    (HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology)

  • Najaf Amin

    (Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Denise Anderson

    (Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia)

  • Marian Beekman

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
    Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.)

  • Jennifer L. Bolton

    (Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.)

  • Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham

    (Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan
    Kidney Epidemiology and Cost Center, University of Michigan)

  • Steven Buyske

    (Rutgers University
    Rutgers University, Piscataway)

  • Ayse Demirkan

    (Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.)

  • Guohong Deng

    (Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.
    Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
    Institute of infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University)

  • Georg B. Ehret

    (Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
    Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.)

  • Bjarke Feenstra

    (Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark.)

  • Mary F. Feitosa

    (Washington University School of Medicine)

  • Krista Fischer

    (Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.)

  • Anuj Goel

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
    University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.)

  • Jian Gong

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

  • Anne U. Jackson

    (Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan)

  • Stavroula Kanoni

    (William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.)

  • Marcus E. Kleber

    (Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68187 Mannheim, Germany.
    Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.)

  • Kati Kristiansson

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • Unhee Lim

    (Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center)

  • Vaneet Lotay

    (The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Massimo Mangino

    (King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.)

  • Irene Mateo Leach

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Carolina Medina-Gomez

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Sarah E. Medland

    (QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.)

  • Michael A. Nalls

    (Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health)

  • Cameron D. Palmer

    (Boston Children’s Hospital
    Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University)

  • Dorota Pasko

    (Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.)

  • Sonali Pechlivanis

    (Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.)

  • Marjolein J. Peters

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Inga Prokopenko

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
    Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
    School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.)

  • Dmitry Shungin

    (Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hosptial, Malmö 205 02, Sweden.
    Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden.
    Umeå University, Umeå 901 85, Sweden.)

  • Alena Stančáková

    (University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.)

  • Rona J. Strawbridge

    (Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.)

  • Yun Ju Sung

    (Washington University School of Medicine)

  • Toshiko Tanaka

    (Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging)

  • Alexander Teumer

    (Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.)

  • Stella Trompet

    (Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
    Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.)

  • Sander W. van der Laan

    (Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.)

  • Jessica van Setten

    (University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.)

  • Jana V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk

    (University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Zhaoming Wang

    (National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
    Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.)

  • Loïc Yengo

    (CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France.
    European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France.
    Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France.)

  • Weihua Zhang

    (Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.
    Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.)

  • Aaron Isaacs

    (Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Center for Medical Sytems Biology, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.)

  • Eva Albrecht

    (Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.)

  • Johan Ärnlöv

    (Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
    Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
    School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, SE-791 88 Falun, Sweden.)

  • Gillian M. Arscott

    (PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia)

  • Antony P. Attwood

    (University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.
    NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.)

  • Stefania Bandinelli

    (Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), 50125 Florence, Italy.)

  • Amy Barrett

    (Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.)

  • Isabelita N. Bas

    (USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines.)

  • Claire Bellis

    (Texas Biomedical Research Institute
    Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology)

  • Amanda J. Bennett

    (Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.)

  • Christian Berne

    (Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.)

  • Roza Blagieva

    (Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.)

  • Matthias Blüher

    (Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
    University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.)

  • Stefan Böhringer

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
    Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.)

  • Lori L. Bonnycastle

    (Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.)

  • Yvonne Böttcher

    (Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.)

  • Heather A. Boyd

    (Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark.)

  • Marcel Bruinenberg

    (LifeLines Cohort Study, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Ida H. Caspersen

    (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.)

  • Yii-Der Ida Chen

    (University of California Los Angeles
    Transgenomics Institute, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute)

  • Robert Clarke

    (Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.)

  • E. Warwick Daw

    (Washington University School of Medicine)

  • Anton J. M. de Craen

    (Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.)

  • Graciela Delgado

    (Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68187 Mannheim, Germany.)

  • Maria Dimitriou

    (Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.)

  • Alex S. F. Doney

    (Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.)

  • Niina Eklund

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
    Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • Karol Estrada

    (Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School)

  • Elodie Eury

    (CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France.
    European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France.
    Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France.)

  • Lasse Folkersen

    (Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.)

  • Ross M. Fraser

    (Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.)

  • Melissa E. Garcia

    (Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH)

  • Frank Geller

    (Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen DK-2300, Denmark.)

  • Vilmantas Giedraitis

    (Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.)

  • Bruna Gigante

    (Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.)

  • Alan S. Go

    (Kaiser Permanente)

  • Alain Golay

    (Service of Therapeutic Education for Diabetes, Obesity and Chronic Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland.)

  • Alison H. Goodall

    (University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.
    National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.)

  • Scott D. Gordon

    (QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.)

  • Mathias Gorski

    (Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
    University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.)

  • Hans-Jörgen Grabe

    (University Medicine Greifswald, HELIOS-Hospital Stralsund, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
    German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.)

  • Harald Grallert

    (Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
    Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
    German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.)

  • Tanja B. Grammer

    (Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68187 Mannheim, Germany.)

  • Jürgen Gräßler

    (University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.)

  • Henrik Grönberg

    (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.)

  • Christopher J. Groves

    (Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.)

  • Gaëlle Gusto

    (Institut inter Régional pour la Santé, Synergies, F-37520 La Riche, France.)

  • Jeffrey Haessler

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

  • Per Hall

    (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.)

  • Toomas Haller

    (Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.)

  • Goran Hallmans

    (Unit of Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden.)

  • Catharina A. Hartman

    (University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Maija Hassinen

    (Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, 70100 Kuopio, Finland.)

  • Caroline Hayward

    (MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.)

  • Nancy L. Heard-Costa

    (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study
    Boston University School of Medicine)

  • Quinta Helmer

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
    Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
    Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Christian Hengstenberg

    (Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany.
    Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, D-80636 Munich, Germany.)

  • Oddgeir Holmen

    (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7489, Norway.)

  • Jouke-Jan Hottenga

    (Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Alan L. James

    (Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine
    School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia.)

  • Janina M. Jeff

    (The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Åsa Johansson

    (Uppsala University, Genetics, Pathology, SciLifeLab, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.)

  • Jennifer Jolley

    (University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.
    NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK.)

  • Thorhildur Juliusdottir

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.)

  • Leena Kinnunen

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • Wolfgang Koenig

    (Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.)

  • Markku Koskenvuo

    (University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • Wolfgang Kratzer

    (Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.)

  • Jaana Laitinen

    (Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-90100 Oulu, Finland.)

  • Claudia Lamina

    (Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.)

  • Karin Leander

    (Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.)

  • Nanette R. Lee

    (USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines.)

  • Peter Lichtner

    (Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.)

  • Lars Lind

    (Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.)

  • Jaana Lindström

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • Ken Sin Lo

    (Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.)

  • Stéphane Lobbens

    (CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France.
    European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France.
    Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France.)

  • Roberto Lorbeer

    (Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.)

  • Yingchang Lu

    (The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
    The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • François Mach

    (Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.)

  • Patrik K. E. Magnusson

    (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.)

  • Anubha Mahajan

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.)

  • Wendy L. McArdle

    (School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.)

  • Stela McLachlan

    (Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.)

  • Cristina Menni

    (King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.)

  • Sigrun Merger

    (Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.)

  • Evelin Mihailov

    (Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
    Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.)

  • Lili Milani

    (Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.)

  • Alireza Moayyeri

    (King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
    Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK.)

  • Keri L. Monda

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
    The Center for Observational Research, Amgen, Inc.)

  • Mario A. Morken

    (Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.)

  • Antonella Mulas

    (Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy.)

  • Gabriele Müller

    (Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.)

  • Martina Müller-Nurasyid

    (Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
    Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany.
    University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
    Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-81377 Munich, Germany.)

  • Arthur W. Musk

    (Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital)

  • Ramaiah Nagaraja

    (Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging)

  • Markus M. Nöthen

    (Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
    Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.)

  • Ilja M. Nolte

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Stefan Pilz

    (Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.)

  • Nigel W. Rayner

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
    Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
    Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.)

  • Frida Renstrom

    (Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hosptial, Malmö 205 02, Sweden.)

  • Rainer Rettig

    (Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17495 Karlsburg, Germany.)

  • Janina S. Ried

    (Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.)

  • Stephan Ripke

    (Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
    Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • Neil R. Robertson

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
    Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.)

  • Lynda M. Rose

    (Brigham and Women's Hospital)

  • Serena Sanna

    (Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy.)

  • Hubert Scharnagl

    (Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.)

  • Salome Scholtens

    (LifeLines Cohort Study, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Fredrick R. Schumacher

    (Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California)

  • William R. Scott

    (Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.
    Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.)

  • Thomas Seufferlein

    (Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.)

  • Jianxin Shi

    (National Cancer Institute)

  • Albert Vernon Smith

    (Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland.
    University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.)

  • Joanna Smolonska

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
    University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Alice V. Stanton

    (Molecular & Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.)

  • Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir

    (deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.)

  • Kathleen Stirrups

    (Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
    William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.)

  • Heather M. Stringham

    (Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan)

  • Johan Sundström

    (Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.)

  • Morris A. Swertz

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Amy J. Swift

    (Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.)

  • Ann-Christine Syvänen

    (Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
    Molecular Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75144, Sweden.)

  • Sian-Tsung Tan

    (Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.
    National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK.)

  • Bamidele O. Tayo

    (Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago)

  • Barbara Thorand

    (German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
    Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.)

  • Gudmar Thorleifsson

    (deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.)

  • Jonathan P. Tyrer

    (University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.)

  • Hae-Won Uh

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
    Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.)

  • Liesbeth Vandenput

    (Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden.)

  • Frank C. Verhulst

    (Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Sita H. Vermeulen

    (Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
    Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.)

  • Niek Verweij

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Judith M. Vonk

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Lindsay L. Waite

    (HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology)

  • Helen R. Warren

    (William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.)

  • Dawn Waterworth

    (Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline)

  • Michael N. Weedon

    (Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.)

  • Lynne R. Wilkens

    (Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center)

  • Christina Willenborg

    (German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Lubeck/Kiel, 23562 Lubeck, Germany.
    Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.)

  • Tom Wilsgaard

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.)

  • Mary K. Wojczynski

    (Washington University School of Medicine)

  • Andrew Wong

    (MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1B 5JU, UK.)

  • Alan F. Wright

    (MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.)

  • Qunyuan Zhang

    (Washington University School of Medicine)

  • Eoin P. Brennan

    (Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.)

  • Murim Choi

    (Seoul National University College of Medicine)

  • Zari Dastani

    (Lady Davis Institute, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3T1E2, Canada.)

  • Alexander W. Drong

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.)

  • Per Eriksson

    (Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.)

  • Anders Franco-Cereceda

    (Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.)

  • Jesper R. Gådin

    (Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.)

  • Ali G. Gharavi

    (Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons)

  • Michael E. Goddard

    (Victoria 3083, Australia.
    University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.)

  • Robert E. Handsaker

    (Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School)

  • Jinyan Huang

    (Harvard School of Public Health
    State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine)

  • Fredrik Karpe

    (Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
    NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.)

  • Sekar Kathiresan

    (Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
    Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School)

  • Sarah Keildson

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.)

  • Krzysztof Kiryluk

    (Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons)

  • Michiaki Kubo

    (Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.)

  • Jong-Young Lee

    (Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungbuk 363–951, Republic of Korea.
    Present address: Second Floor, B-dong, AICT Building, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongyong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do,443-270, South Korea.)

  • Liming Liang

    (Harvard School of Public Health
    Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University)

  • Richard P. Lifton

    (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven)

  • Baoshan Ma

    (Harvard School of Public Health
    College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University)

  • Steven A. McCarroll

    (Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School
    Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • Amy J. McKnight

    (Nephrology Research, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, County Down BT9 7AB, UK.)

  • Josine L. Min

    (School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.)

  • Miriam F. Moffatt

    (National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK.)

  • Grant W. Montgomery

    (QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.)

  • Joanne M. Murabito

    (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study
    Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine)

  • George Nicholson

    (University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK.
    MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell OX11 0QG, UK.)

  • Dale R. Nyholt

    (QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
    Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology)

  • Yukinori Okada

    (Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
    Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan.)

  • John R. B. Perry

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
    Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
    King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.)

  • Rajkumar Dorajoo

    (Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138672 Singapore.)

  • Eva Reinmaa

    (Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.)

  • Rany M. Salem

    (Boston Children’s Hospital
    Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School)

  • Niina Sandholm

    (Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki FI-00076, Finland.
    Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland.
    Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • Robert A. Scott

    (MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.)

  • Lisette Stolk

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Atsushi Takahashi

    (Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.)

  • Toshihiro Tanaka

    (Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan.
    Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
    Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan.)

  • Ferdinand M. van’t Hooft

    (Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.)

  • Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen

    (Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.)

  • Harm-Jan Westra

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Wei Zheng

    (Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center
    Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center)

  • Krina T. Zondervan

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
    University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.)

  • Andrew C. Heath

    (Washington University School of Medicine)

  • Dominique Arveiler

    (EA3430, University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine)

  • Stephan J. L. Bakker

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • John Beilby

    (PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia
    Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia)

  • Richard N. Bergman

    (Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute)

  • John Blangero

    (Texas Biomedical Research Institute)

  • Pascal Bovet

    (Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Ministry of Health)

  • Harry Campbell

    (Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.)

  • Mark J. Caulfield

    (William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.)

  • Giancarlo Cesana

    (University of Milano, Bicocca, 20126, Italy.)

  • Aravinda Chakravarti

    (Center for Complex Disease Genomics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)

  • Daniel I. Chasman

    (Brigham and Women's Hospital
    Harvard Medical School)

  • Peter S. Chines

    (Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.)

  • Francis S. Collins

    (Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.)

  • Dana C. Crawford

    (Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
    Vanderbilt University)

  • L. Adrienne Cupples

    (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study
    Boston University School of Public Health)

  • Daniele Cusi

    (University of Milano, I 20142, Italy.
    Fondazione Filarete, Milano I 20139, Italy.)

  • John Danesh

    (University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.)

  • Ulf de Faire

    (Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.)

  • Hester M. den Ruijter

    (Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
    Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.)

  • Anna F. Dominiczak

    (Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.)

  • Raimund Erbel

    (Clinic of Cardiology, West-German Heart Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.)

  • Jeanette Erdmann

    (German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Lubeck/Kiel, 23562 Lubeck, Germany.
    Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.)

  • Johan G. Eriksson

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
    University of Helsinki, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland.
    Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland.)

  • Martin Farrall

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
    University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.)

  • Stephan B. Felix

    (University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
    DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.)

  • Ele Ferrannini

    (University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
    National Research Council Institute of Clinical Physiology, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.)

  • Jean Ferrières

    (Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, 31400 Toulouse, France.)

  • Ian Ford

    (Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.)

  • Nita G. Forouhi

    (MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.)

  • Terrence Forrester

    (UWI Solutions for Developing Countries, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.)

  • Oscar H. Franco

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Ron T. Gansevoort

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Pablo V. Gejman

    (NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, University of Chicago)

  • Christian Gieger

    (Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.)

  • Omri Gottesman

    (The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Vilmundur Gudnason

    (Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur 201, Iceland.
    University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.)

  • Ulf Gyllensten

    (Uppsala University, Genetics, Pathology, SciLifeLab, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.)

  • Alistair S. Hall

    (Leeds MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK.)

  • Tamara B. Harris

    (Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH)

  • Andrew T. Hattersley

    (Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.)

  • Andrew A. Hicks

    (Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen, Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano 39100, Italy (affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany).)

  • Lucia A. Hindorff

    (National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health)

  • Aroon D. Hingorani

    (Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.)

  • Albert Hofman

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Georg Homuth

    (Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.)

  • G. Kees Hovingh

    (Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Steve E. Humphries

    (Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.)

  • Steven C. Hunt

    (University of Utah)

  • Elina Hyppönen

    (Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia
    School of Population Health, University of South Australia
    South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute
    Population, Policy, and Practice, University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.)

  • Thomas Illig

    (Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
    Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.)

  • Kevin B. Jacobs

    (National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
    Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.)

  • Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin

    (Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
    National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland.
    MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
    Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.)

  • Karl-Heinz Jöckel

    (Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.)

  • Berit Johansen

    (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.)

  • Pekka Jousilahti

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • J. Wouter Jukema

    (Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
    Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands (ICIN), 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
    Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands.)

  • Antti M. Jula

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • Jaakko Kaprio

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
    Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • John J. P. Kastelein

    (Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Sirkka M. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi

    (Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
    Unit of Primary Health Care/General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.)

  • Lambertus A. Kiemeney

    (Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
    Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.)

  • Paul Knekt

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • Jaspal S. Kooner

    (Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.
    National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK.
    Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK.)

  • Charles Kooperberg

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

  • Peter Kovacs

    (Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
    University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.)

  • Aldi T. Kraja

    (Washington University School of Medicine)

  • Meena Kumari

    (University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
    University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK.)

  • Johanna Kuusisto

    (Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.)

  • Timo A. Lakka

    (Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, 70100 Kuopio, Finland.
    Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
    Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.)

  • Claudia Langenberg

    (MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
    University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.)

  • Loic Le Marchand

    (Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center)

  • Terho Lehtimäki

    (Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine University of Tampere, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.)

  • Valeriya Lyssenko

    (Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Gentofte DK-2820, Denmark.
    Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Lund University, Malmö 221 00, Sweden.)

  • Satu Männistö

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • André Marette

    (Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
    Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.)

  • Tara C. Matise

    (Rutgers University, Piscataway)

  • Colin A. McKenzie

    (UWI Solutions for Developing Countries, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.)

  • Barbara McKnight

    (University of Washington)

  • Frans L. Moll

    (University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.)

  • Andrew D. Morris

    (Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.)

  • Andrew P. Morris

    (Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
    Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
    University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK.)

  • Jeffrey C. Murray

    (University of Iowa)

  • Mari Nelis

    (Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.)

  • Claes Ohlsson

    (Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden.)

  • Albertine J. Oldehinkel

    (University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Ken K. Ong

    (MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
    MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1B 5JU, UK.)

  • Pamela A. F. Madden

    (Washington University School of Medicine)

  • Gerard Pasterkamp

    (Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.)

  • John F. Peden

    (Illumina, Inc, Little Chesterford, Cambridge CB10 1XL, UK.)

  • Annette Peters

    (Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
    Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany.
    Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.)

  • Dirkje S. Postma

    (University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen)

  • Peter P. Pramstaller

    (Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen, Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano 39100, Italy (affiliated institute of the University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany).
    General Central Hospital, Bolzano 39100, Italy.)

  • Jackie F. Price

    (Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.)

  • Lu Qi

    (Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
    Harvard School of Public Health)

  • Olli T. Raitakari

    (Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland.
    Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland.)

  • Tuomo Rankinen

    (Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center)

  • D. C. Rao

    (Washington University School of Medicine
    Washington University School of Medicine
    Washington University School of Medicine)

  • Treva K. Rice

    (Washington University School of Medicine
    Washington University School of Medicine)

  • Paul M. Ridker

    (Brigham and Women's Hospital
    Harvard Medical School)

  • John D. Rioux

    (Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.
    Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.)

  • Marylyn D. Ritchie

    (Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park)

  • Igor Rudan

    (Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
    Croatian Centre for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.)

  • Veikko Salomaa

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • Nilesh J. Samani

    (University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.
    National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.)

  • Jouko Saramies

    (South Carelia Central Hospital, 53130 Lappeenranta, Finland.)

  • Mark A. Sarzynski

    (Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center)

  • Heribert Schunkert

    (Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK) (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance, D-80636 Munich, Germany.
    Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, D-80636 Munich, Germany.)

  • Peter E. H. Schwarz

    (University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
    Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 01307 Dresden, Germany.)

  • Peter Sever

    (International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.)

  • Alan R. Shuldiner

    (Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine
    Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
    Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans Administration Medical Center)

  • Juha Sinisalo

    (Helsinki University Central Hospital Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • Ronald P. Stolk

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Konstantin Strauch

    (Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
    Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-81377 Munich, Germany.)

  • Anke Tönjes

    (Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
    University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.)

  • David-Alexandre Trégouët

    (Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1166, F-75013 Paris, France.
    INSERM, UMR S 1166, Team Genomics and Physiopathology of Cardiovascular Diseases, F-75013 Paris, France.
    Institute for Cardiometabolism And Nutrition (ICAN), F-75013 Paris, France.)

  • Angelo Tremblay

    (Laval University, Quebec QC G1V 0A6, Canada.)

  • Elena Tremoli

    (Università di Milano & Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan 20133, Italy.)

  • Jarmo Virtamo

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • Marie-Claude Vohl

    (Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
    Laval University, Quebec QC G1V 0A6, Canada.)

  • Uwe Völker

    (Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
    DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.)

  • Gérard Waeber

    (University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.)

  • Gonneke Willemsen

    (Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Jacqueline C. Witteman

    (Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • M. Carola Zillikens

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Linda S. Adair

    (University of North Carolina)

  • Philippe Amouyel

    (Institut Pasteur de Lille; INSERM, U744; Université de Lille 2; F-59000 Lille, France.
    INSERM, U744)

  • Folkert W. Asselbergs

    (Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
    Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands (ICIN), 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
    University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.)

  • Themistocles L. Assimes

    (Stanford University School of Medicine)

  • Murielle Bochud

    (Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Ministry of Health)

  • Bernhard O. Boehm

    (Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Imperial College London and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637553 Singapore, Singapore.
    Ulm University Medical Centre, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.)

  • Eric Boerwinkle

    (Health Science Center at Houston, University of Texas)

  • Stefan R. Bornstein

    (University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.)

  • Erwin P. Bottinger

    (The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Claude Bouchard

    (Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center)

  • Stéphane Cauchi

    (CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France.
    European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France.
    Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France.)

  • John C. Chambers

    (Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3HW, UK.
    Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
    Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK.)

  • Stephen J. Chanock

    (National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health)

  • Richard S. Cooper

    (Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago)

  • Paul I. W. de Bakker

    (University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
    Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
    University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.)

  • George Dedoussis

    (Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.)

  • Luigi Ferrucci

    (Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging)

  • Paul W. Franks

    (Harvard School of Public Health
    Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hosptial, Malmö 205 02, Sweden.
    Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden.)

  • Philippe Froguel

    (School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
    CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019 Lille, France.
    European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France.
    Université de Lille 2, F-59000 Lille, France.)

  • Leif C. Groop

    (Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Lund University, Malmö 221 00, Sweden.)

  • Christopher A. Haiman

    (Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California)

  • Anders Hamsten

    (Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.)

  • Jennie Hui

    (PathWest Laboratory Medicine of Western Australia
    Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia
    School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia)

  • David J. Hunter

    (Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
    Harvard School of Public Health
    Harvard School of Public Health)

  • Kristian Hveem

    (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7489, Norway.)

  • Robert C. Kaplan

    (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Belfer 1306, New York 10461, USA.)

  • Mika Kivimaki

    (University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.)

  • Diana Kuh

    (MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1B 5JU, UK.)

  • Markku Laakso

    (Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.)

  • Yongmei Liu

    (Center for Human Genetics, Wake Forest School of Medicine)

  • Nicholas G. Martin

    (QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.)

  • Winfried März

    (Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68187 Mannheim, Germany.
    Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
    Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, 68163 Mannheim, Germany.)

  • Mads Melbye

    (Stanford University School of Medicine
    Copenhagen University, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.)

  • Andres Metspalu

    (Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
    Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.)

  • Susanne Moebus

    (Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.)

  • Patricia B. Munroe

    (William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.)

  • Inger Njølstad

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.)

  • Ben A. Oostra

    (Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Center for Medical Sytems Biology, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Colin N. A. Palmer

    (Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.)

  • Nancy L. Pedersen

    (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.)

  • Markus Perola

    (Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
    National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
    Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.)

  • Louis Pérusse

    (Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
    Laval University, Quebec QC G1V 0A6, Canada.)

  • Ulrike Peters

    (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

  • Chris Power

    (Population, Policy, and Practice, University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.)

  • Thomas Quertermous

    (Stanford University School of Medicine)

  • Rainer Rauramaa

    (Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, 70100 Kuopio, Finland.
    Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.)

  • Fernando Rivadeneira

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Timo E. Saaristo

    (Finnish Diabetes Association, Kirjoniementie 15, FI-33680 Tampere, Finland.
    Pirkanmaa Hospital District, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland.)

  • Danish Saleheen

    (University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK.
    Center for Non-Communicable Diseases
    University of Pennsylvania)

  • Naveed Sattar

    (BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.)

  • Eric E. Schadt

    (Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • David Schlessinger

    (Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging)

  • P. Eline Slagboom

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
    Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.)

  • Harold Snieder

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Tim D. Spector

    (King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.)

  • Unnur Thorsteinsdottir

    (deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.)

  • Michael Stumvoll

    (Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
    University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.)

  • Jaakko Tuomilehto

    (National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.
    Institute for Health Research, University Hospital of La Paz (IdiPaz), 28046 Madrid, Spain.
    Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
    Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria.)

  • André G. Uitterlinden

    (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.)

  • Matti Uusitupa

    (University of Eastern Finland
    Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland.)

  • Pim van der Harst

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
    University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
    Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands (ICIN), 3501 DG Utrecht, The Netherlands.)

  • Mark Walker

    (Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK.)

  • Henri Wallaschofski

    (DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung – German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
    Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.)

  • Nicholas J. Wareham

    (MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.)

  • Hugh Watkins

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
    University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.)

  • David R. Weir

    (Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan)

  • H-Erich Wichmann

    (Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-85764 Munich, Germany.
    Klinikum Grosshadern, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
    Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.)

  • James F. Wilson

    (Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.)

  • Pieter Zanen

    (University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.)

  • Ingrid B. Borecki

    (Washington University School of Medicine)

  • Panos Deloukas

    (Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
    William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
    Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.)

  • Caroline S. Fox

    (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham Heart Study)

  • Iris M. Heid

    (Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
    Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.)

  • Jeffrey R. O’Connell

    (Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine
    Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine)

  • David P. Strachan

    (St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.)

  • Kari Stefansson

    (deCODE Genetics, Amgen Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland.
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.)

  • Cornelia M. van Duijn

    (Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
    Center for Medical Sytems Biology, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.)

  • Gonçalo R. Abecasis

    (Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan)

  • Lude Franke

    (University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.)

  • Timothy M. Frayling

    (Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.)

  • Mark I. McCarthy

    (Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
    Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
    Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.)

  • Peter M. Visscher

    (Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
    The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The Translation Research Institute, Brisbane 4012, Australia.)

  • André Scherag

    (Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
    Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany.)

  • Cristen J. Willer

    (University of Michigan
    University of Michigan
    University of Michigan)

  • Michael Boehnke

    (Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan)

  • Karen L. Mohlke

    (University of North Carolina)

  • Cecilia M. Lindgren

    (Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
    Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.)

  • Jacques S. Beckmann

    (Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
    University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland.
    Service of Medical Genetics, CHUV University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.)

  • Inês Barroso

    (Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
    University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK.
    NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK.)

  • Kari E. North

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
    Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

  • Erik Ingelsson

    (Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
    Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.
    Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.)

  • Joel N. Hirschhorn

    (Boston Children’s Hospital
    Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School)

  • Ruth J. F. Loos

    (MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
    The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
    The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
    The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Elizabeth K. Speliotes

    (University of Michigan)

Abstract

Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P 20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

Suggested Citation

  • Adam E. Locke & Bratati Kahali & Sonja I. Berndt & Anne E. Justice & Tune H. Pers & Felix R. Day & Corey Powell & Sailaja Vedantam & Martin L. Buchkovich & Jian Yang & Damien C. Croteau-Chonka & Tonu , 2015. "Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology," Nature, Nature, vol. 518(7538), pages 197-206, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:518:y:2015:i:7538:d:10.1038_nature14177
    DOI: 10.1038/nature14177
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