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Evolution and forcing mechanisms of El Niño over the past 21,000 years

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  • Zhengyu Liu

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison
    Laboratory of Climate, Ocean and Atmosphere Studies, School of Physics, Peking University)

  • Zhengyao Lu

    (Laboratory of Climate, Ocean and Atmosphere Studies, School of Physics, Peking University)

  • Xinyu Wen

    (Laboratory of Climate, Ocean and Atmosphere Studies, School of Physics, Peking University)

  • B. L. Otto-Bliesner

    (National Center for Atmospheric Research)

  • A. Timmermann

    (School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa)

  • K. M. Cobb

    (School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology)

Abstract

A simulation of the evolution of El Niño Southern Oscillation in the past 21,000 years in a state-of-the-art climate model shows the complex response mechanisms of El Niño to external climate forcings and poses further challenges to our understanding and projection of El Niño in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhengyu Liu & Zhengyao Lu & Xinyu Wen & B. L. Otto-Bliesner & A. Timmermann & K. M. Cobb, 2014. "Evolution and forcing mechanisms of El Niño over the past 21,000 years," Nature, Nature, vol. 515(7528), pages 550-553, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:515:y:2014:i:7528:d:10.1038_nature13963
    DOI: 10.1038/nature13963
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    Cited by:

    1. Shuai Zhang & Zhoufei Yu & Yue Wang & Xun Gong & Ann Holbourn & Fengming Chang & Heng Liu & Xuhua Cheng & Tiegang Li, 2022. "Thermal coupling of the Indo-Pacific warm pool and Southern Ocean over the past 30,000 years," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Yancheng Zhang & Xufeng Zheng & Deming Kong & Hong Yan & Zhonghui Liu, 2021. "Enhanced North Pacific subtropical gyre circulation during the late Holocene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Freeman, Jacob & Mauldin, Raymond P. & Hard, Robert J. & Solis, Kristina & Whisenhunt, Mary & Anderies, John M., 2023. "Hunter-gatherer Population Expansion and Intensification: Malthusian and Boserupian Dynamics," SocArXiv e7rh8, Center for Open Science.

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