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Crystal structure of squid rhodopsin

Author

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  • Midori Murakami

    (Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University)

  • Tsutomu Kouyama

    (Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
    RIKEN Harima Institute/SPring-8, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan)

Abstract

Invertebrate phototransduction uses an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate signalling cascade in which photoactivated rhodopsin stimulates a Gq-type G protein, that is, a class of G protein that stimulates membrane-bound phospholipase Cβ. The same cascade is used by many G-protein-coupled receptors, indicating that invertebrate rhodopsin is a prototypical member. Here we report the crystal structure of squid (Todarodes pacificus) rhodopsin at 2.5 Å resolution. Among seven transmembrane α-helices, helices V and VI extend into the cytoplasmic medium and, together with two cytoplasmic helices, they form a rigid protrusion from the membrane surface. This peculiar structure, which is not seen in bovine rhodopsin, seems to be crucial for the recognition of Gq-type G proteins. The retinal Schiff base forms a hydrogen bond to Asn 87 or Tyr 111; it is far from the putative counterion Glu 180. In the crystal, a tight association is formed between the amino-terminal polypeptides of neighbouring monomers; this intermembrane dimerization may be responsible for the organization of hexagonally packed microvillar membranes in the photoreceptor rhabdom.

Suggested Citation

  • Midori Murakami & Tsutomu Kouyama, 2008. "Crystal structure of squid rhodopsin," Nature, Nature, vol. 453(7193), pages 363-367, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:453:y:2008:i:7193:d:10.1038_nature06925
    DOI: 10.1038/nature06925
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    Cited by:

    1. Marie Mi Bonde & Jonas Tind Hansen & Samra Joke Sanni & Stig Haunsø & Steen Gammeltoft & Christina Lyngsø & Jakob Lerche Hansen, 2010. "Biased Signaling of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Can Be Mediated through Distinct Mechanisms," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(11), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Sebastian Bandholtz & Jörg Wichard & Ronald Kühne & Carsten Grötzinger, 2012. "Molecular Evolution of a Peptide GPCR Ligand Driven by Artificial Neural Networks," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(5), pages 1-11, May.
    3. Holly J Atkinson & John H Morris & Thomas E Ferrin & Patricia C Babbitt, 2009. "Using Sequence Similarity Networks for Visualization of Relationships Across Diverse Protein Superfamilies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(2), pages 1-14, February.

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