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Distribution and three-dimensional structure of AIDS virus envelope spikes

Author

Listed:
  • Ping Zhu

    (Florida State University)

  • Jun Liu

    (Florida State University)

  • Julian Bess

    (AIDS Vaccine Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, National Cancer Institute at Frederick)

  • Elena Chertova

    (AIDS Vaccine Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, National Cancer Institute at Frederick)

  • Jeffrey D. Lifson

    (AIDS Vaccine Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, National Cancer Institute at Frederick)

  • Henry Grisé

    (Florida State University)

  • Gilad A. Ofek

    (Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Kenneth A. Taylor

    (Florida State University)

  • Kenneth H. Roux

    (Florida State University)

Abstract

Envelope glycoprotein (Env) spikes on AIDS retroviruses initiate infection of host cells and are therefore targets for vaccine development. Though crystal structures for partial Env subunits are known, the structure and distribution of native Env spikes on virions is obscure. We applied cryoelectron microscopy tomography to define ultrastructural details of spikes. Virions of wild-type human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and a mutant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) had ∼14 and ∼73 spikes per particle, respectively, with some clustering of HIV-1 spikes. Three-dimensional averaging showed that the surface glycoprotein (gp120) ‘head’ of each subunit of the trimeric SIV spike contains a primary mass, with two secondary lobes. The transmembrane glycoprotein ‘stalk’ of each trimer is composed of three independent legs that project obliquely from the trimer head, tripod-like. Reconciling available atomic structures with the three-dimensional whole spike density map yields insights into the orientation of Env spike structural elements and possible structural bases of their functions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ping Zhu & Jun Liu & Julian Bess & Elena Chertova & Jeffrey D. Lifson & Henry Grisé & Gilad A. Ofek & Kenneth A. Taylor & Kenneth H. Roux, 2006. "Distribution and three-dimensional structure of AIDS virus envelope spikes," Nature, Nature, vol. 441(7095), pages 847-852, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:441:y:2006:i:7095:d:10.1038_nature04817
    DOI: 10.1038/nature04817
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    Cited by:

    1. Carsten Magnus & Roland R Regoes, 2010. "Estimating the Stoichiometry of HIV Neutralization," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(3), pages 1-11, March.
    2. Kemin Tan & Junjian Chen & Yu Kaku & Yi Wang & Luke Donius & Rafiq Ahmad Khan & Xiaolong Li & Hannah Richter & Michael S. Seaman & Thomas Walz & Wonmuk Hwang & Ellis L. Reinherz & Mikyung Kim, 2023. "Inadequate structural constraint on Fab approach rather than paratope elicitation limits HIV-1 MPER vaccine utility," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Terrence M Dobrowsky & Brian R Daniels & Robert F Siliciano & Sean X Sun & Denis Wirtz, 2010. "Organization of Cellular Receptors into a Nanoscale Junction during HIV-1 Adhesion," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-14, July.
    4. Kun-Wei Chan & Christina C. Luo & Hong Lu & Xueling Wu & Xiang-Peng Kong, 2021. "A site of vulnerability at V3 crown defined by HIV-1 bNAb M4008_N1," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    5. David A. Spencer & Benjamin S. Goldberg & Shilpi Pandey & Tracy Ordonez & Jérémy Dufloo & Philip Barnette & William F. Sutton & Heidi Henderson & Rebecca Agnor & Lina Gao & Timothée Bruel & Olivier Sc, 2022. "Phagocytosis by an HIV antibody is associated with reduced viremia irrespective of enhanced complement lysis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    6. Shuang Yang & Giorgos Hiotis & Yi Wang & Junjian Chen & Jia-huai Wang & Mikyung Kim & Ellis L. Reinherz & Thomas Walz, 2022. "Dynamic HIV-1 spike motion creates vulnerability for its membrane-bound tripod to antibody attack," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    7. Zhentao Sang & Lu Xu & Renyu Ding & Minjun Wang & Xiaoran Yang & Xitan Li & Bingxin Zhou & Kaijun Gou & Yang Han & Tingting Liu & Xuchun Chen & Ying Cheng & Huazhe Yang & Heran Li, 2023. "Nanoparticles exhibiting virus-mimic surface topology for enhanced oral delivery," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-19, December.

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