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Chromatin remodelling at a DNA double-strand break site in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author

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  • Toyoko Tsukuda

    (University of New Mexico School of Medicine)

  • Alastair B. Fleming

    (University of New Mexico School of Medicine)

  • Jac A. Nickoloff

    (University of New Mexico School of Medicine)

  • Mary Ann Osley

    (University of New Mexico School of Medicine)

Abstract

The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for maintaining genome stability. Eukaryotic cells repair DSBs by both non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination. How chromatin structure is altered in response to DSBs and how such alterations influence DSB repair processes are important issues. In vertebrates, phosphorylation of the histone variant H2A.X occurs rapidly after DSB formation1, spreads over megabase chromatin domains, and is required for stable accumulation of repair proteins at damage foci2. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, phosphorylation of the two principal H2A species is also signalled by DSB formation, which spreads ∼40 kb in either direction from the DSB3. Here we show that near a DSB phosphorylation of H2A is followed by loss of histones H2B and H3 and increased sensitivity of chromatin to digestion by micrococcal nuclease; however, phosphorylation of H2A and nucleosome loss occur independently. The DNA damage sensor MRX4 is required for histone loss, which also depends on INO80, a nucleosome remodelling complex5. The repair protein Rad51 (ref. 6) shows delayed recruitment to DSBs in the absence of histone loss, suggesting that MRX-dependent nucleosome remodelling regulates the accessibility of factors directly involved in DNA repair by homologous recombination. Thus, MRX may regulate two pathways of chromatin changes: nucleosome displacement for efficient recruitment of homologous recombination proteins; and phosphorylation of H2A, which modulates checkpoint responses to DNA damage2.

Suggested Citation

  • Toyoko Tsukuda & Alastair B. Fleming & Jac A. Nickoloff & Mary Ann Osley, 2005. "Chromatin remodelling at a DNA double-strand break site in Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Nature, Nature, vol. 438(7066), pages 379-383, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:438:y:2005:i:7066:d:10.1038_nature04148
    DOI: 10.1038/nature04148
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiujie Liang & Hongbo Liu & Hailong Hu & Eunji Ha & Jianfu Zhou & Amin Abedini & Andrea Sanchez-Navarro & Konstantin A. Klötzer & Katalin Susztak, 2024. "TET2 germline variants promote kidney disease by impairing DNA repair and activating cytosolic nucleotide sensors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Nikolaos Parisis & Pablo D. Dans & Muhammad Jbara & Balveer Singh & Diane Schausi-Tiffoche & Diego Molina-Serrano & Isabelle Brun-Heath & Denisa Hendrychová & Suman Kumar Maity & Diana Buitrago & Rafa, 2023. "Histone H3 serine-57 is a CHK1 substrate whose phosphorylation affects DNA repair," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-20, December.

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