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Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003

Author

Listed:
  • Ph. Ciais

    (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE)

  • M. Reichstein

    (University of Tuscia
    Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research)

  • N. Viovy

    (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE)

  • A. Granier

    (Centre de Nancy)

  • J. Ogée

    (INRA)

  • V. Allard

    (Grassland Ecosystem Research, INRA)

  • M. Aubinet

    (Institute of Plant Sciences)

  • N. Buchmann

    (Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques)

  • Chr. Bernhofer

    (Technische Universität Dresden)

  • A. Carrara

    (Parque Tecnologico de Paterna)

  • F. Chevallier

    (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE)

  • N. De Noblet

    (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE)

  • A. D. Friend

    (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE)

  • P. Friedlingstein

    (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE)

  • T. Grünwald

    (Technische Universität Dresden)

  • B. Heinesch

    (Institute of Plant Sciences)

  • P. Keronen

    (University of Helsinki)

  • A. Knohl

    (Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
    University of California)

  • G. Krinner

    (Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement)

  • D. Loustau

    (INRA)

  • G. Manca

    (University of Tuscia
    Viote del Monte Bondone)

  • G. Matteucci

    (Joint Research Center European Commission, TP 280
    ISAFOM-CNR)

  • F. Miglietta

    (IBIMET-CNR)

  • J. M. Ourcival

    (Dream CEFE-CNRS)

  • D. Papale

    (University of Tuscia)

  • K. Pilegaard

    (Risø National Laboratory)

  • S. Rambal

    (Dream CEFE-CNRS)

  • G. Seufert

    (Joint Research Center European Commission, TP 280)

  • J. F. Soussana

    (Grassland Ecosystem Research, INRA)

  • M. J. Sanz

    (Parque Tecnologico de Paterna)

  • E. D. Schulze

    (Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry)

  • T. Vesala

    (University of Helsinki)

  • R. Valentini

    (University of Tuscia)

Abstract

After the heatwave The European heatwave in the summer of 2003 was probably the hottest in the region since AD 1500. Its immediate effects are well documented: the Earth Policy Institute has estimated that it caused at least 35,000 deaths. Now the longer-term effects are beginning to emerge. Based on measurements of ecosystem CO2 flux, radiation absorption by plants, crop yields and a model simulating the terrestrial biosphere, a multinational team of researchers has found that during July and August 2003, 500 million tonnes of carbon escaped from the forests and fields across Europe as a result of extreme heat and drought. The model results and historical data suggest that this dramatic fall in primary productivity is unprecedented during the past century. If the incidence of extreme droughts like this were to increase, temperate ecosystems could become carbon sources with the potential to accelerate global warming, as has been anticipated for the tropics.

Suggested Citation

  • Ph. Ciais & M. Reichstein & N. Viovy & A. Granier & J. Ogée & V. Allard & M. Aubinet & N. Buchmann & Chr. Bernhofer & A. Carrara & F. Chevallier & N. De Noblet & A. D. Friend & P. Friedlingstein & T. , 2005. "Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003," Nature, Nature, vol. 437(7058), pages 529-533, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:437:y:2005:i:7058:d:10.1038_nature03972
    DOI: 10.1038/nature03972
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