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Three-dimensional deformation caused by the Bam, Iran, earthquake and the origin of shallow slip deficit

Author

Listed:
  • Yuri Fialko

    (University of California San Diego)

  • David Sandwell

    (University of California San Diego)

  • Mark Simons

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • Paul Rosen

    (California Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Our understanding of the earthquake process requires detailed insights into how the tectonic stresses are accumulated and released on seismogenic faults. We derive the full vector displacement field due to the Bam, Iran, earthquake of moment magnitude 6.5 using radar data from the Envisat satellite of the European Space Agency. Analysis of surface deformation indicates that most of the seismic moment release along the 20-km-long strike-slip rupture occurred at a shallow depth of 4–5 km, yet the rupture did not break the surface. The Bam event may therefore represent an end-member case of the ‘shallow slip deficit’ model, which postulates that coseismic slip in the uppermost crust is systematically less than that at seismogenic depths (4–10 km). The InSAR-derived surface displacement data from the Bam and other large shallow earthquakes suggest that the uppermost section of the seismogenic crust around young and developing faults may undergo a distributed failure in the interseismic period, thereby accumulating little elastic strain.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuri Fialko & David Sandwell & Mark Simons & Paul Rosen, 2005. "Three-dimensional deformation caused by the Bam, Iran, earthquake and the origin of shallow slip deficit," Nature, Nature, vol. 435(7040), pages 295-299, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:435:y:2005:i:7040:d:10.1038_nature03425
    DOI: 10.1038/nature03425
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    Cited by:

    1. J. Hu & Q. Wang & Z. Li & R. Xie & X. Zhang & Q. Sun, 2014. "Retrieving three-dimensional coseismic displacements of the 2008 Gaize, Tibet earthquake from multi-path interferometric phase analysis," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 73(3), pages 1311-1322, September.

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