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Cyclophilin A retrotransposition into TRIM5 explains owl monkey resistance to HIV-1

Author

Listed:
  • David M. Sayah

    (Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons)

  • Elena Sokolskaja

    (Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons)

  • Lionel Berthoux

    (Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons)

  • Jeremy Luban

    (Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons
    Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons)

Abstract

In Old World primates, TRIM5-α confers a potent block to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection that acts after virus entry into cells1,2,3,4,5. Cyclophilin A (CypA) binding to viral capsid protects HIV-1 from a similar activity in human cells4,6,7,8. Among New World primates, only owl monkeys exhibit post-entry restriction of HIV-1 (ref. 1). Paradoxically, the barrier to HIV-1 in owl monkey cells is released by capsid mutants or drugs that disrupt capsid interaction with CypA4. Here we show that knockdown of owl monkey CypA by RNA interference (RNAi) correlates with suppression of anti-HIV-1 activity. However, reintroduction of CypA protein to RNAi-treated cells did not restore antiviral activity. A search for additional RNAi targets unearthed TRIMCyp, an RNAi-responsive messenger RNA encoding a TRIM5–CypA fusion protein. TRIMCyp accounts for post-entry restriction of HIV-1 in owl monkeys and blocks HIV-1 infection when transferred to otherwise infectable human or rat cells. It seems that TRIMCyp arose after the divergence of New and Old World primates when a LINE-1 retrotransposon catalysed the insertion of a CypA complementary DNA into the TRIM5 locus. This is the first vertebrate example of a chimaeric gene generated by this mechanism of exon shuffling.

Suggested Citation

  • David M. Sayah & Elena Sokolskaja & Lionel Berthoux & Jeremy Luban, 2004. "Cyclophilin A retrotransposition into TRIM5 explains owl monkey resistance to HIV-1," Nature, Nature, vol. 430(6999), pages 569-573, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:430:y:2004:i:6999:d:10.1038_nature02777
    DOI: 10.1038/nature02777
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    Cited by:

    1. Hideki Saito & Hiroaki Takeuchi & Takao Masuda & Takeshi Noda & Shoji Yamaoka, 2017. "N-terminally truncated POM121C inhibits HIV-1 replication," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(9), pages 1-23, September.

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