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A three-dimensional optical photonic crystal with designed point defects

Author

Listed:
  • Minghao Qi

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Elefterios Lidorikis

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Peter T. Rakich

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Steven G. Johnson

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • J. D. Joannopoulos

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Erich P. Ippen

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Henry I. Smith

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Photonic crystals1,2,3 offer unprecedented opportunities for miniaturization and integration of optical devices. They also exhibit a variety of new physical phenomena, including suppression or enhancement of spontaneous emission, low-threshold lasing, and quantum information processing4. Various techniques for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals—such as silicon micromachining5, wafer fusion bonding6, holographic lithography7, self-assembly8,9, angled-etching10, micromanipulation11, glancing-angle deposition12 and auto-cloning13,14—have been proposed and demonstrated with different levels of success. However, a critical step towards the fabrication of functional 3D devices, that is, the incorporation of microcavities or waveguides in a controllable way, has not been achieved at optical wavelengths. Here we present the fabrication of 3D photonic crystals that are particularly suited for optical device integration using a lithographic layer-by-layer approach15. Point-defect microcavities are introduced during the fabrication process and optical measurements show they have resonant signatures around telecommunications wavelengths (1.3–1.5 µm). Measurements of reflectance and transmittance at near-infrared are in good agreement with numerical simulations.

Suggested Citation

  • Minghao Qi & Elefterios Lidorikis & Peter T. Rakich & Steven G. Johnson & J. D. Joannopoulos & Erich P. Ippen & Henry I. Smith, 2004. "A three-dimensional optical photonic crystal with designed point defects," Nature, Nature, vol. 429(6991), pages 538-542, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:429:y:2004:i:6991:d:10.1038_nature02575
    DOI: 10.1038/nature02575
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    Cited by:

    1. Tsung-Hsien Lin & Duan-Yi Guo & Chun-Wei Chen & Ting-Mao Feng & Wen-Xin Zeng & Po-Chang Chen & Liang-Ying Wu & Wen-Ming Guo & Li-Min Chang & Hung-Chang Jau & Chun-Ta Wang & Timothy J. Bunning & Iam Ch, 2024. "Directed crystalline symmetry transformation of blue-phase liquid crystals by reverse electrostriction," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Minkyung Kim & Zihao Wang & Yihao Yang & Hau Tian Teo & Junsuk Rho & Baile Zhang, 2022. "Three-dimensional photonic topological insulator without spin–orbit coupling," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.

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