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Backtracking by single RNA polymerase molecules observed at near-base-pair resolution

Author

Listed:
  • Joshua W. Shaevitz

    (Stanford University)

  • Elio A. Abbondanzieri

    (Stanford University)

  • Robert Landick

    (University of Wisconsin)

  • Steven M. Block

    (Stanford University
    Stanford University)

Abstract

Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) synthesizes RNA with remarkable fidelity in vivo1. Its low error rate may be achieved by means of a ‘proofreading’ mechanism comprised of two sequential events. The first event (backtracking) involves a transcriptionally upstream motion of RNAP through several base pairs, which carries the 3′ end of the nascent RNA transcript away from the enzyme active site. The second event (endonucleolytic cleavage) occurs after a variable delay and results in the scission and release of the most recently incorporated ribonucleotides, freeing up the active site. Here, by combining ultrastable optical trapping apparatus with a novel two-bead assay to monitor transcriptional elongation with near-base-pair precision, we observed backtracking and recovery by single molecules of RNAP. Backtracking events (∼5 bp) occurred infrequently at locations throughout the DNA template and were associated with pauses lasting 20 s to >30 min. Inosine triphosphate increased the frequency of backtracking pauses, whereas the accessory proteins GreA and GreB, which stimulate the cleavage of nascent RNA, decreased the duration of such pauses.

Suggested Citation

  • Joshua W. Shaevitz & Elio A. Abbondanzieri & Robert Landick & Steven M. Block, 2003. "Backtracking by single RNA polymerase molecules observed at near-base-pair resolution," Nature, Nature, vol. 426(6967), pages 684-687, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:426:y:2003:i:6967:d:10.1038_nature02191
    DOI: 10.1038/nature02191
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    Cited by:

    1. Jin Qian & Bing Wang & Irina Artsimovitch & David Dunlap & Laura Finzi, 2024. "Force and the α-C-terminal domains bias RNA polymerase recycling," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Jordan Douglas & Richard Kingston & Alexei J Drummond, 2020. "Bayesian inference and comparison of stochastic transcription elongation models," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(2), pages 1-21, February.

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