Tunable quantum tunnelling of magnetic domain walls

Perhaps the most anticipated, yet experimentally elusive, macroscopic quantum phenomenon1 is spin tunnelling in a ferromagnet2, which may be formulated in terms of domain wall tunnelling3,4. One approach to identifying such a process is to focus on mesoscopic systems where the number of domain walls is finite and the motion of a single wall has measurable consequences. Research of this type includes magnetotransport measurements on thin ferromagnetic wires5, and magnetization experiments on single particles6,7, nanomagnet ensembles8,9,10 and rare-earth multilayers11. A second method is to investigate macroscopic disordered ferromagnets12,13,14,15, whose dynamics are dominated by domain wall motion, and search the associated relaxation-time distribution functions for the signature of quantum effects. But whereas the classical, thermal processes that operate in these experiments are easily regulated via temperature, the quantum processes have so far not been tunable, making difficult a definitive interpretation of the results in terms of tunnelling. Here we describe a disordered magnetic system for which it is possible to adjust the quantum tunnelling probabilities. For this material, we can model both the classical, thermally activated response at high temperatures and the athermal, tunnelling behaviour at low temperatures within a unified framework, where the domain wall is described as a particle with a fixed mass. We show that it is possible to tune the quantum tunnelling processes by adjusting the ‘mass’ of this particle with an external magnetic field.