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Disturbance and diversity in experimental microcosms

Author

Listed:
  • Angus Buckling

    (University of Oxford)

  • Rees Kassen

    (McGill University)

  • Graham Bell

    (McGill University
    Redpath Museum, McGill University)

  • Paul B. Rainey

    (University of Oxford)

Abstract

External agents of mortality (disturbances) occur over a wide range of scales of space and time, and are believed to have large effects on species diversity. The “intermediate disturbance hypothesis”1,2,3, which proposes maximum diversity at intermediate frequencies of disturbance, has received support from both field4,5 and laboratory6,7 studies. Coexistence of species at intermediate frequencies of disturbance is thought to require trade-offs between competitive ability and disturbance tolerance8, and a metapopulation structure, with disturbance affecting only a few patches at any given time9,10,11. However, a unimodal relationship can also be generated by global disturbances that affect all patches simultaneously, provided that the environment contains spatial niches to which different species are adapted12. Here we report the results of tests of this model using both isogenic and diverse populations of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. In both cases, a unimodal relationship between diversity and disturbance frequency was generated in heterogeneous, but not in homogeneous, environments. The cause of this relationship is competition among niche-specialist genotypes, which maintains diversity at intermediate disturbance, but not at high or low disturbance. Our results show that disturbance can modulate the effect of spatial heterogeneity on biological diversity in natural environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Angus Buckling & Rees Kassen & Graham Bell & Paul B. Rainey, 2000. "Disturbance and diversity in experimental microcosms," Nature, Nature, vol. 408(6815), pages 961-964, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:408:y:2000:i:6815:d:10.1038_35050080
    DOI: 10.1038/35050080
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    Cited by:

    1. Lorrillière, Romain & Couvet, Denis & Robert, Alexandre, 2012. "The effects of direct and indirect constraints on biological communities," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 224(1), pages 103-110.
    2. C. E. Dubé & M. Ziegler & A. Mercière & E. Boissin & S. Planes & C. A. -F. Bourmaud & C. R. Voolstra, 2021. "Naturally occurring fire coral clones demonstrate a genetic and environmental basis of microbiome composition," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.

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