Long-term in vivo reconstitution of T-cell development by Pax5-deficient B-cell progenitors

The mechanisms controlling the commitment of haematopoietic progenitors to the B-lymphoid lineage are poorly understood. The observations that mice deficient in E2A1,2 and EBF3 lack B-lineage cells have implicated these two transcription factors in the commitment process. Moreover, the expression of genes encoding components of the rearrangement machinery (RAG1, RAG2, TdT) or pre-B-cell receptor (λ5, VpreB, Igα, Igβ) has been considered to indicate B-lineage commitment4. All these genes including E2A and EBF are expressed in pro-B cells lacking the transcription factor Pax5 (refs 5,6,7). Here we show that cloned Pax5-deficient pro-B cells transferred into RAG2-deficient mice provide long-term reconstitution of the thymus and give rise to mature T cells expressing α/β-T-cell receptors. The bone marrow of these mice contains a population of cells of Pax5-/- origin with the same phenotype as the donor pro-B cells. When transferred into secondary recipients, these pro-B cells again home to the bone marrow and reconstitute the thymus. Hence, B-lineage commitment is determined neither by immunoglobulin DJ rearrangement nor by the expression of E2A, EBF, λ5, VpreB, Igα and Igβ. Instead, our data implicate Pax5 in the control of B-lineage commitment.