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Development of peripheral lymphoid organs and natural killer cells depends on the helix–loop–helix inhibitor Id2

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  • Yoshifumi Yokota

    (Max-Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry
    Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University)

  • Ahmed Mansouri

    (Max-Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry)

  • Seiichi Mori

    (Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University)

  • Seiichi Sugawara

    (Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
    School of Medicine, Gifu University
    Integrative Projects, Mitsuibishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences Minami-Ooya 11)

  • Satoko Adachi

    (Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
    School of Medicine, Gifu University
    Integrative Projects, Mitsuibishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences Minami-Ooya 11)

  • Shin-Ichi Nishikawa

    (Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University)

  • Peter Gruss

    (Max-Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry)

Abstract

Transcription factors with a basic helix–loop–helix (HLH) motif have been shown to be crucial for various cell differentiation processes during development of multicellular organisms1. Id proteins inhibit the functions of these transcription factors in a dominant-negative manner by suppressing their heterodimerization partners through the HLH domains2,3,4. Members of the Id family also promote cell proliferation4,5, implying a role in the control of cell differentiation. Here we show that Id2 is indispensable for normal development of mice. Id2−/− mice lack lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. However, their splenic architecture is normal, exhibiting T-cell and B-cell compartments and distinct germinal centres. The cell population that produces lymphotoxins, essential factors for the development of secondary lymphoid organs6,7,8,9,10,11, is barely detectable in the Id2−/− intestine. Furthermore, the null mutants show a greatly reduced population of natural killer (NK) cells, which is due to an intrinsic defect in NK-cell precursors. Our results indicate that Id2 has an essential role in the generation of peripheral lymphoid organs and NK cells.

Suggested Citation

  • Yoshifumi Yokota & Ahmed Mansouri & Seiichi Mori & Seiichi Sugawara & Satoko Adachi & Shin-Ichi Nishikawa & Peter Gruss, 1999. "Development of peripheral lymphoid organs and natural killer cells depends on the helix–loop–helix inhibitor Id2," Nature, Nature, vol. 397(6721), pages 702-706, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:397:y:1999:i:6721:d:10.1038_17812
    DOI: 10.1038/17812
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