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Reducing the burden of anaemia in Indian women of reproductive age with clean-air targets

Author

Listed:
  • Ekta Chaudhary

    (Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi)

  • Sagnik Dey

    (Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi
    IIT Delhi
    IIT Delhi)

  • Santu Ghosh

    (St. John’s Medical College)

  • Sumit Sharma

    (TERI)

  • Nimish Singh

    (TERI)

  • Shivang Agarwal

    (TERI)

  • Kushal Tibrewal

    (IIT Bombay)

  • Chandra Venkataraman

    (IIT Bombay)

  • Anura V. Kurpad

    (St. John’s Medical College)

  • Aaron J. Cohen

    (Health Effects Institute
    Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
    Boston University School of Public Health)

  • Shuxiao Wang

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Srishti Jain

    (Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi
    University College Cork)

Abstract

India has one of the highest (53%) global prevalences of anaemia among women of reproductive age (WRA, 15–49 years). Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a type of air pollution, may increase the prevalence of anaemia through systemic inflammation. Using a linear mixed model adjusted for potential confounding factors, we show that for every 10 µg m−3 increase in ambient PM2.5 exposure, the average anaemia prevalence among Indian WRA increases by 7.23% (95% uncertainty interval, 6.82–7.63). Among PM2.5 species, sulfate and black carbon are more associated with anaemia than organics and dust. Among sectoral contributors, industry was the greatest, followed by the unorganized, domestic, power, road dust, agricultural waste burning and transport sectors. If India meets its recent clean-air targets, such anaemia prevalence among WRA will fall from 53% to 39.5%, taking 186 districts below the national target of 35%. Our results suggest that the transition to clean energy would accelerate India’s progress towards the ‘anaemia-free’ mission target.

Suggested Citation

  • Ekta Chaudhary & Sagnik Dey & Santu Ghosh & Sumit Sharma & Nimish Singh & Shivang Agarwal & Kushal Tibrewal & Chandra Venkataraman & Anura V. Kurpad & Aaron J. Cohen & Shuxiao Wang & Srishti Jain, 2022. "Reducing the burden of anaemia in Indian women of reproductive age with clean-air targets," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 5(11), pages 939-946, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natsus:v:5:y:2022:i:11:d:10.1038_s41893-022-00944-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41893-022-00944-2
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    Cited by:

    1. Ekta Chaudhary & Franciosalgeo George & Aswathi Saji & Sagnik Dey & Santu Ghosh & Tinku Thomas & Anura. V. Kurpad & Sumit Sharma & Nimish Singh & Shivang Agarwal & Unnati Mehta, 2023. "Cumulative effect of PM2.5 components is larger than the effect of PM2.5 mass on child health in India," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.

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