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Heat exposure and global air conditioning

Author

Listed:
  • Léopold T. Biardeau

    (University of California, Berkeley)

  • Lucas W. Davis

    (University of California, Berkeley
    National Bureau of Economic Research)

  • Paul Gertler

    (University of California, Berkeley
    National Bureau of Economic Research)

  • Catherine Wolfram

    (University of California, Berkeley
    National Bureau of Economic Research)

Abstract

Air conditioning adoption is increasing dramatically worldwide as incomes rise and average temperatures go up. Using daily temperature data from 14,500 weather stations, we rank 219 countries and 1,692 cities based on a widely used measure of cooling demand called total cooling degree day exposure. India, China, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Brazil, Bangladesh and the Philippines all have more total cooling degree day exposure than the United States—a country that uses 400 terawatt-hours of electricity annually for air conditioning.

Suggested Citation

  • Léopold T. Biardeau & Lucas W. Davis & Paul Gertler & Catherine Wolfram, 2020. "Heat exposure and global air conditioning," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 25-28, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natsus:v:3:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1038_s41893-019-0441-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41893-019-0441-9
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Nicole D. Miranda & Jesus Lizana & Sarah N. Sparrow & Miriam Zachau-Walker & Peter A. G. Watson & David C. H. Wallom & Radhika Khosla & Malcolm McCulloch, 2023. "Change in cooling degree days with global mean temperature rise increasing from 1.5 °C to 2.0 °C," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 6(11), pages 1326-1330, November.
    2. Pan He & Pengfei Liu & Yueming (Lucy) Qiu & Lufan Liu, 2022. "The weather affects air conditioner purchases to fill the energy efficiency gap," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Meeks, Robyn C. & Omuraliev, Arstan & Isaev, Ruslan & Wang, Zhenxuan, 2023. "Impacts of electricity quality improvements: Experimental evidence on infrastructure investments," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    4. Giacomo Falchetta & Enrica De Cian & Filippo Pavanello & Ian Sue Wing, 2024. "Inequalities in global residential cooling energy use to 2050," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    5. Garg, Teevrat & Gibson, Matthew & Sun, Fanglin, 2020. "Extreme temperatures and time use in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 309-324.
    6. Shaun McRae, 2023. "Residential Electricity Consumption and Adaptation to Climate Change by Colombian Households," Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer, vol. 7(2), pages 253-279, July.
    7. Falchetta, Giacomo & Mistry, Malcolm N., 2021. "The role of residential air circulation and cooling demand for electrification planning: Implications of climate change in sub-Saharan Africa," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    8. Zhu, Mengshu & Huang, Ying & Wang, Si-Nuo & Zheng, Xinye & Wei, Chu, 2023. "Characteristics and patterns of residential energy consumption for space cooling in China: Evidence from appliance-level data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    9. Xiong, Chengyan & Meng, Qinglong & Wei, Ying'an & Luo, Huilong & Lei, Yu & Liu, Jiao & Yan, Xiuying, 2023. "A demand response method for an active thermal energy storage air-conditioning system using improved transactive control: On-site experiments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    10. Matthew E. Kahn & Somik Lall, 2022. "Will the Developing World’s Growing Middle Class Support Low Carbon Policies?," NBER Working Papers 30238, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Mario Lackner & Hendrik Sonnabend, 2024. "When performance melts away: Heat causes mental errors in high-stakes competitions," Economics working papers 2024-11, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
    12. Olivier Deschenes, 2022. "The impact of climate change on mortality in the United States: Benefits and costs of adaptation," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(3), pages 1227-1249, August.
    13. Alessio Mastrucci & Edward Byers & Shonali Pachauri & Narasimha Rao & Bas Ruijven, 2022. "Cooling access and energy requirements for adaptation to heat stress in megacities," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 27(8), pages 1-16, December.
    14. Zhe Li & Feng Wu & Huiqiang Ma & Zhanjun Xu & Shaohua Wang, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Evolution and Relationship between Night Time Light and Land Surface Temperature: A Case Study of Beijing, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-24, April.
    15. Yuanzheng Li & Wenjing Wang & Yating Wang & Yashu Xin & Tian He & Guosong Zhao, 2020. "A Review of Studies Involving the Effects of Climate Change on the Energy Consumption for Building Heating and Cooling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-18, December.
    16. Filippo Pavanello & Enrica Cian & Marinella Davide & Malcolm Mistry & Talita Cruz & Paula Bezerra & Dattakiran Jagu & Sebastian Renner & Roberto Schaeffer & André F. P. Lucena, 2021. "Air-conditioning and the adaptation cooling deficit in emerging economies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.
    17. Osunmuyiwa, Olufolahan O. & Peacock, Andrew D. & Payne, Sarah R. & Vigneswara Ilavarasan, P. & Jenkins, David P., 2021. "Divergent imaginaries? Co-producing practitioner and householder perspective to cooling demand response in India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    18. Xingchi Shen & Yueming Lucy Qiu & Pengfei Liu & Anand Patwardhan, 2022. "The Effect of Rebate and Loan Incentives on Residential Heat Pump Adoption: Evidence from North Carolina," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 82(3), pages 741-789, July.
    19. Yuxiang Li & Jens-Christian Svenning & Weiqi Zhou & Kai Zhu & Jesse F. Abrams & Timothy M. Lenton & William J. Ripple & Zhaowu Yu & Shuqing N. Teng & Robert R. Dunn & Chi Xu, 2024. "Green spaces provide substantial but unequal urban cooling globally," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    20. Liddle, Brantley & Huntington, Hillard, 2021. "How prices, income, and weather shape household electricity demand in high-income and middle-income countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).

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