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The supply chain of violence

Author

Listed:
  • Nathalie Butt

    (University of Queensland
    University of Oxford)

  • Frances Lambrick

    (Not1More)

  • Mary Menton

    (University of Sussex)

  • Anna Renwick

    (University of Queensland)

Abstract

Every year, more people are killed defending the environment than are soldiers from the United Kingdom and Australia on overseas deployments in war zones combined. During the last 15 years, the number of both deaths of environmental defenders, and the countries where they occur, have increased. Recorded deaths have increased from two per week to four per week over this period. These deaths are primarily related to conflict over natural resources, across a range of sectors. Of 683 total deaths, >230 were related to mining and agribusiness between 2014 and 2017. We find that rule of law and corruption indices are closely linked to patterns of killings. Using spatial data, we investigate the drivers of these conflicts and violence and seek to identify who may be most at risk and why. We argue that businesses, investors and national governments at both ends of the chain of violence need to be more accountable.

Suggested Citation

  • Nathalie Butt & Frances Lambrick & Mary Menton & Anna Renwick, 2019. "The supply chain of violence," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 2(8), pages 742-747, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natsus:v:2:y:2019:i:8:d:10.1038_s41893-019-0349-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41893-019-0349-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Abhijit Chakraborty & Tobias Reisch & Christian Diem & Pablo Astudillo-Estévez & Stefan Thurner, 2024. "Inequality in economic shock exposures across the global firm-level supply network," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. David Kreitmeir & Nathan Lane & Paul A. Raschky, 2020. "The Value of Names - Civil Society, Information, and Governing Multinationals on the Global Periphery," SoDa Laboratories Working Paper Series 2020-10, Monash University, SoDa Laboratories.
    3. Dalena Tran & Ksenija Hanaček, 2023. "A global analysis of violence against women defenders in environmental conflicts," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 6(9), pages 1045-1053, September.
    4. Arce, Moises & Nieto-Matiz, Camilo, 2024. "Mining and violence in Latin America: The state’s coercive responses to anti-mining resistance," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    5. Dinko, Dinko Hanaan & Kansanga, Moses & Nyantakyi-Frimpong, Hanson & Luginaah, Isaac, 2024. "Unpacking the dynamics of natural resource conflicts: The case of African rosewood," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    6. Hanaček, Ksenija & Kröger, Markus & Scheidel, Arnim & Rojas, Facundo & Martinez-Alier, Joan, 2022. "On thin ice – The Arctic commodity extraction frontier and environmental conflicts," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    7. Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee, 2022. "Decolonizing Deliberative Democracy: Perspectives from Below," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 181(2), pages 283-299, November.
    8. Alford-Jones, Kelsey, 2022. "How injustice can lead to energy policy failure: A case study from Guatemala," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).

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