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Social and genetic diversity in first farmers of central Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Pere Gelabert

    (University of Vienna
    University of Vienna)

  • Penny Bickle

    (University of York)

  • Daniela Hofmann

    (University of Bergen)

  • Maria Teschler-Nicola

    (University of Vienna
    Natural History Museum Vienna)

  • Alexandra Anders

    (Eötvös Loránd University)

  • Xin Huang

    (University of Vienna
    University of Vienna)

  • Michelle Hämmerle

    (University of Vienna
    University of Vienna)

  • Iñigo Olalde

    (University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
    Harvard University
    Ikerbasque—Basque Foundation of Science)

  • Romain Fournier

    (University of Oxford)

  • Harald Ringbauer

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology)

  • Ali Akbari

    (Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School)

  • Olivia Cheronet

    (University of Vienna
    University of Vienna)

  • Iosif Lazaridis

    (Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School)

  • Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht

    (Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Daniel M. Fernandes

    (University of Vienna
    University of Vienna
    University of Coimbra)

  • Katharina Buttinger

    (University of Vienna)

  • Kim Callan

    (Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Francesca Candilio

    (Italian Ministry for Culture)

  • Guillermo Bravo Morante

    (University of Vienna)

  • Elizabeth Curtis

    (Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Matthew Ferry

    (Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Denise Keating

    (University of Vienna)

  • Suzanne Freilich

    (University of Vienna)

  • Aisling Kearns

    (Harvard Medical School)

  • Éadaoin Harney

    (Harvard Medical School)

  • Ann Marie Lawson

    (Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Kirsten Mandl

    (University of Vienna)

  • Megan Michel

    (Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Victoria Oberreiter

    (University of Vienna
    University of Vienna)

  • Brina Zagorc

    (University of Vienna
    University of Vienna)

  • Jonas Oppenheimer

    (Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Susanna Sawyer

    (University of Vienna
    University of Vienna)

  • Constanze Schattke

    (University of Vienna)

  • Kadir Toykan Özdoğan

    (University of Vienna)

  • Lijun Qiu

    (Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • J. Noah Workman

    (Harvard Medical School)

  • Fatma Zalzala

    (Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Swapan Mallick

    (Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Matthew Mah

    (Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Adam Micco

    (Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Franz Pieler

    (State Collections of Lower Austria)

  • Juraj Pavuk

    (Slovak Academy of Sciences)

  • Alena Šefčáková

    (Slovak National Museum—Natural History Museum)

  • Catalin Lazar

    (University of Bucharest)

  • Andrej Starović

    (National Museum of Serbia)

  • Marija Djuric

    (University of Belgrade)

  • Maja Krznarić Škrivanko

    (Vinkovci Municipal Museum)

  • Mario Šlaus

    (Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts)

  • Željka Bedić

    (Institute for Anthropological Research)

  • Friederike Novotny

    (Natural History Museum Vienna)

  • László D. Szabó

    (Déri Museum)

  • Orsolya Cserpák-Laczi

    (Déri Museum)

  • Tamara Hága

    (Déri Museum)

  • László Szolnoki

    (Déri Museum)

  • Zsigmond Hajdú

    (Déri Museum)

  • Pavel Mirea

    (Teleorman County Museum)

  • Emese Gyöngyvér Nagy

    (Déri Museum)

  • Zsuzsanna M. Virág

    (Budapest History Museum)

  • Attila Horváth M.

    (Budapest History Museum)

  • László András Horváth

    (Budapest History Museum)

  • Katalin T. Biró

    (Hungarian National Museum)

  • László Domboróczki
  • Tamás Szeniczey

    (Eötvös Loránd University)

  • János Jakucs

    (Institute of Archaeology)

  • Márta Szelekovszky

    (Ex Voto Régészeti Kft)

  • Farkas Zoltán

    (Salisbury Kft)

  • Sándor József Sztáncsuj

    (Székely National Museum)

  • Krisztián Tóth

    (Dornyay Béla Museum)

  • Piroska Csengeri

    (Herman Ottó Museum)

  • Ildikó Pap

    (Eötvös Loránd University
    University of Szeged)

  • Róbert Patay

    (Ferenczy Museum Center)

  • Anđelka Putica

    (Town Museum of Sombor)

  • Branislav Vasov

    (Museum Unit of Public Library ‘Branko Radičević’)

  • Bálint Havasi

    (Göcseji Museum)

  • Katalin Sebők

    (Eötvös Loránd University)

  • Pál Raczky

    (Eötvös Loránd University)

  • Gabriella Lovász

    (Municipal Museum of Subotica)

  • Zdeněk Tvrdý

    (Moravian Museum)

  • Nadin Rohland

    (Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • Mario Novak

    (Institute for Anthropological Research)

  • Matej Ruttkay

    (Slovak Academy of Sciences)

  • Maria Krošláková

    (Slovak Academy of Sciences)

  • Jozef Bátora

    (Slovak Academy of Sciences)

  • Tibor Paluch

    (Department of Antiquities and Museum)

  • Dušan Borić

    (Sapienza University of Rome
    New York University)

  • János Dani

    (Déri Museum
    University of Szeged)

  • Martin Kuhlwilm

    (University of Vienna
    University of Vienna)

  • Pier Francesco Palamara

    (University of Oxford
    University of Oxford)

  • Tamás Hajdu

    (Eötvös Loránd University)

  • Ron Pinhasi

    (University of Vienna
    University of Vienna)

  • David Reich

    (Harvard University
    Harvard Medical School
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

Abstract

The Linearbandkeramik (LBK) Neolithic communities were the first to spread farming across large parts of Europe. We report genome-wide data for 250 individuals: 178 individuals from whole-cemetery surveys of the Alföld Linearbankeramik Culture eastern LBK site of Polgár-Ferenci-hát, the western LBK site of Nitra Horné Krškany and the western LBK settlement and massacre site of Asparn-Schletz, as well as 48 LBK individuals from 16 other sites and 24 earlier Körös and Starčevo individuals from 17 more sites. Here we show a systematically higher percentage of western hunter-gatherer ancestry in eastern than in western LBK sites, showing that these two distinct LBK groups had different genetic trajectories. We find evidence for patrilocality, with more structure across sites in the male than in the female lines and a higher rate of within-site relatives for males. At Asparn-Schletz we find almost no relatives, showing that the massacred individuals were from a large population, not a small community.

Suggested Citation

  • Pere Gelabert & Penny Bickle & Daniela Hofmann & Maria Teschler-Nicola & Alexandra Anders & Xin Huang & Michelle Hämmerle & Iñigo Olalde & Romain Fournier & Harald Ringbauer & Ali Akbari & Olivia Cher, 2025. "Social and genetic diversity in first farmers of central Europe," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 53-64, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nathum:v:9:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41562-024-02034-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02034-z
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