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Toolbox of individual-level interventions against online misinformation

Author

Listed:
  • Anastasia Kozyreva

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Development)

  • Philipp Lorenz-Spreen

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Development)

  • Stefan M. Herzog

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Development)

  • Ullrich K. H. Ecker

    (University of Western Australia)

  • Stephan Lewandowsky

    (University of Bristol
    University of Potsdam)

  • Ralph Hertwig

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Development)

  • Ayesha Ali

    (Lahore University of Management Sciences)

  • Joe Bak-Coleman

    (Columbia University)

  • Sarit Barzilai

    (University of Haifa)

  • Melisa Basol

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Adam J. Berinsky

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Cornelia Betsch

    (University of Erfurt
    Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine)

  • John Cook

    (University of Melbourne)

  • Lisa K. Fazio

    (Vanderbilt University)

  • Michael Geers

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Development
    Humboldt University of Berlin)

  • Andrew M. Guess

    (Princeton University)

  • Haifeng Huang

    (Ohio State University)

  • Horacio Larreguy

    (Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México)

  • Rakoen Maertens

    (University of Oxford)

  • Folco Panizza

    (IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca)

  • Gordon Pennycook

    (Cornell University
    University of Regina)

  • David G. Rand

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Steve Rathje

    (New York University)

  • Jason Reifler

    (University of Exeter)

  • Philipp Schmid

    (University of Erfurt
    Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine
    Radboud University Nijmegen)

  • Mark Smith

    (Stanford University)

  • Briony Swire-Thompson

    (Northeastern University)

  • Paula Szewach

    (University of Exeter
    Barcelona Supercomputing Center)

  • Sander Linden

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Sam Wineburg

    (Stanford University)

Abstract

The spread of misinformation through media and social networks threatens many aspects of society, including public health and the state of democracies. One approach to mitigating the effect of misinformation focuses on individual-level interventions, equipping policymakers and the public with essential tools to curb the spread and influence of falsehoods. Here we introduce a toolbox of individual-level interventions for reducing harm from online misinformation. Comprising an up-to-date account of interventions featured in 81 scientific papers from across the globe, the toolbox provides both a conceptual overview of nine main types of interventions, including their target, scope and examples, and a summary of the empirical evidence supporting the interventions, including the methods and experimental paradigms used to test them. The nine types of interventions covered are accuracy prompts, debunking and rebuttals, friction, inoculation, lateral reading and verification strategies, media-literacy tips, social norms, source-credibility labels, and warning and fact-checking labels.

Suggested Citation

  • Anastasia Kozyreva & Philipp Lorenz-Spreen & Stefan M. Herzog & Ullrich K. H. Ecker & Stephan Lewandowsky & Ralph Hertwig & Ayesha Ali & Joe Bak-Coleman & Sarit Barzilai & Melisa Basol & Adam J. Berin, 2024. "Toolbox of individual-level interventions against online misinformation," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 8(6), pages 1044-1052, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nathum:v:8:y:2024:i:6:d:10.1038_s41562-024-01881-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01881-0
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