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Fire-extinguishing, recyclable liquefied gas electrolytes for temperature-resilient lithium-metal batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Yijie Yin

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Yangyuchen Yang

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Diyi Cheng

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Matthew Mayer

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • John Holoubek

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Weikang Li

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Ganesh Raghavendran

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Alex Liu

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Bingyu Lu

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Daniel M. Davies

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Zheng Chen

    (University of California, San Diego
    University of California, San Diego
    University of California, San Diego)

  • Oleg Borodin

    (US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory)

  • Y. Shirley Meng

    (University of California, San Diego
    University of California, San Diego
    University of California, San Diego
    University of Chicago)

Abstract

High-energy density, improved safety, temperature resilience and sustainability are desirable properties for lithium-battery electrolytes, yet these metrics are rarely achieved simultaneously. Inspired by the compositions of clean fire-extinguishing agents, we demonstrate inherently safe liquefied gas electrolytes based on 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and pentafluoroethane that maintain >3 mS cm−1 ionic conductivity from −78 to +80 °C. As a result of beneficial solvation chemistry and a fluorine-rich environment, lithium cycling at >99% Coulombic efficiency for over 200 cycles at 3 mA cm−2 and 3 mAh cm−2 was demonstrated in addition to stable cycling of Li/NMC622 full batteries from −60 to +55 °C. In addition, we demonstrate a one-step solvent-recycling process based on the vapour pressure difference at different temperatures of the liquefied gas electrolytes, which promises sustainable operation at scale. This work provides a route to sustainable, temperature-resilient lithium-metal batteries with fire-extinguishing properties that maintain state-of-the-art electrochemical performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Yijie Yin & Yangyuchen Yang & Diyi Cheng & Matthew Mayer & John Holoubek & Weikang Li & Ganesh Raghavendran & Alex Liu & Bingyu Lu & Daniel M. Davies & Zheng Chen & Oleg Borodin & Y. Shirley Meng, 2022. "Fire-extinguishing, recyclable liquefied gas electrolytes for temperature-resilient lithium-metal batteries," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(6), pages 548-559, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:7:y:2022:i:6:d:10.1038_s41560-022-01051-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-022-01051-4
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