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Origin and evolution of qingke barley in Tibet

Author

Listed:
  • Xingquan Zeng

    (State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
    Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences)

  • Yu Guo

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Qijun Xu

    (State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
    Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences)

  • Martin Mascher

    (Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben)

  • Ganggang Guo

    (Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences)

  • Shuaicheng Li

    (City University of Hong Kong)

  • Likai Mao

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Qingfeng Liu

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Zhanfeng Xia

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Juhong Zhou

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Hongjun Yuan

    (State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
    Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences)

  • Shuaishuai Tai

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Yulin Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
    Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences)

  • Zexiu Wei

    (State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
    Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences)

  • Li Song

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Sang Zha

    (State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
    Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences)

  • Shiming Li

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Yawei Tang

    (State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
    Research Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences)

  • Lijun Bai

    (Chengdu Life Baseline Technology Co., Ltd.)

  • Zhenhua Zhuang

    (Chengdu Life Baseline Technology Co., Ltd.)

  • Weiming He

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Shancen Zhao

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Xiaodong Fang

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Qiang Gao

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Ye Yin

    (BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen)

  • Jian Wang

    (BGI-Shenzhen
    James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences)

  • Huanming Yang

    (BGI-Shenzhen
    James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences)

  • Jing Zhang

    (Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences)

  • Robert J. Henry

    (University of Queensland)

  • Nils Stein

    (Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben)

  • Nyima Tashi

    (State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement
    Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences)

Abstract

Tibetan barley (Hordeum vulgare L., qingke) is the principal cereal cultivated on the Tibetan Plateau for at least 3,500 years, but its origin and domestication remain unclear. Here, based on deep-coverage whole-genome and published exome-capture resequencing data for a total of 437 accessions, we show that contemporary qingke is derived from eastern domesticated barley and it is introduced to southern Tibet most likely via north Pakistan, India, and Nepal between 4,500 and 3,500 years ago. The low genetic diversity of qingke suggests Tibet can be excluded as a center of origin or domestication for barley. The rapid decrease in genetic diversity from eastern domesticated barley to qingke can be explained by a founder effect from 4,500 to 2,000 years ago. The haplotypes of the five key domestication genes of barley support a feral or hybridization origin for Tibetan weedy barley and reject the hypothesis of native Tibetan wild barley.

Suggested Citation

  • Xingquan Zeng & Yu Guo & Qijun Xu & Martin Mascher & Ganggang Guo & Shuaicheng Li & Likai Mao & Qingfeng Liu & Zhanfeng Xia & Juhong Zhou & Hongjun Yuan & Shuaishuai Tai & Yulin Wang & Zexiu Wei & Li , 2018. "Origin and evolution of qingke barley in Tibet," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:9:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-018-07920-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07920-5
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