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Quantum advantage for probabilistic one-time programs

Author

Listed:
  • Marie-Christine Roehsner

    (University of Vienna)

  • Joshua A. Kettlewell

    (Singapore University of Technology and Design
    National University of Singapore)

  • Tiago B. Batalhão

    (University of Vienna
    Singapore University of Technology and Design
    National University of Singapore
    Universidade Federal do ABC)

  • Joseph F. Fitzsimons

    (Singapore University of Technology and Design
    National University of Singapore
    University of Vienna)

  • Philip Walther

    (University of Vienna
    University of Vienna)

Abstract

One-time programs, computer programs which self-destruct after being run only once, are a powerful building block in cryptography and would allow for new forms of secure software distribution. However, ideal one-time programs have been proved to be unachievable using either classical or quantum resources. Here we relax the definition of one-time programs to allow some probability of error in the output and show that quantum mechanics offers security advantages over purely classical resources. We introduce a scheme for encoding probabilistic one-time programs as quantum states with prescribed measurement settings, explore their security, and experimentally demonstrate various one-time programs using measurements on single-photon states. These include classical logic gates, a program to solve Yao’s millionaires problem, and a one-time delegation of a digital signature. By combining quantum and classical technology, we demonstrate that quantum techniques can enhance computing capabilities even before full-scale quantum computers are available.

Suggested Citation

  • Marie-Christine Roehsner & Joshua A. Kettlewell & Tiago B. Batalhão & Joseph F. Fitzsimons & Philip Walther, 2018. "Quantum advantage for probabilistic one-time programs," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:9:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-018-07591-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07591-2
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