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Fundamental limits and non-reciprocal approaches in non-Hermitian quantum sensing

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  • Hoi-Kwan Lau

    (University of Chicago)

  • Aashish A. Clerk

    (University of Chicago)

Abstract

Unconventional properties of non-Hermitian systems, such as the existence of exceptional points, have recently been suggested as a resource for sensing. The impact of noise and utility in quantum regimes however remains unclear. In this work, we analyze the parametric-sensing properties of linear coupled-mode systems that are described by effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Our analysis fully accounts for noise effects in both classical and quantum regimes, and also fully treats a realistic and optimal measurement protocol based on coherent driving and homodyne detection. Focusing on two-mode devices, we derive fundamental bounds on the signal power and signal-to-noise ratio for any such sensor. We use these to demonstrate that enhanced signal power requires gain, but not necessarily any proximity to an exceptional point. Further, when noise is included, we show that nonreciprocity is a powerful resource for sensing: it allows one to exceed the fundamental bounds constraining any conventional, reciprocal sensor.

Suggested Citation

  • Hoi-Kwan Lau & Aashish A. Clerk, 2018. "Fundamental limits and non-reciprocal approaches in non-Hermitian quantum sensing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:9:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-018-06477-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06477-7
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    Cited by:

    1. Arunn Suntharalingam & Lucas Fernández-Alcázar & Rodion Kononchuk & Tsampikos Kottos, 2023. "Noise resilient exceptional-point voltmeters enabled by oscillation quenching phenomena," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. A. Hashemi & K. Busch & D. N. Christodoulides & S. K. Ozdemir & R. El-Ganainy, 2022. "Linear response theory of open systems with exceptional points," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Minye Yang & Liang Zhu & Qi Zhong & Ramy El-Ganainy & Pai-Yen Chen, 2023. "Spectral sensitivity near exceptional points as a resource for hardware encryption," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Dong-Yan Chen & Lei Dong & Qing-An Huang, 2024. "Inductor-capacitor passive wireless sensors using nonlinear parity-time symmetric configurations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-7, December.
    5. Ievgen I. Arkhipov & Adam Miranowicz & Fabrizio Minganti & Şahin K. Özdemir & Franco Nori, 2023. "Dynamically crossing diabolic points while encircling exceptional curves: A programmable symmetric-asymmetric multimode switch," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.

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