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Direct measurement of discrete valley and orbital quantum numbers in bilayer graphene

Author

Listed:
  • B. M. Hunt

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    Columbia University
    Carnegie Mellon University)

  • J. I. A. Li

    (Columbia University)

  • A. A. Zibrov

    (University of California)

  • L. Wang

    (Columbia University)

  • T. Taniguchi

    (National Institute for Materials Science)

  • K. Watanabe

    (National Institute for Materials Science)

  • J. Hone

    (Columbia University)

  • C. R. Dean

    (Columbia University)

  • M. Zaletel

    (Station Q, Microsoft Research)

  • R. C. Ashoori

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • A. F. Young

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    University of California)

Abstract

The high magnetic field electronic structure of bilayer graphene is enhanced by the spin, valley isospin, and an accidental orbital degeneracy, leading to a complex phase diagram of broken symmetry states. Here, we present a technique for measuring the layer-resolved charge density, from which we directly determine the valley and orbital polarization within the zero energy Landau level. Layer polarization evolves in discrete steps across 32 electric field-tuned phase transitions between states of different valley, spin, and orbital order, including previously unobserved orbitally polarized states stabilized by skew interlayer hopping. We fit our data to a model that captures both single-particle and interaction-induced anisotropies, providing a complete picture of this correlated electron system. The resulting roadmap to symmetry breaking paves the way for deterministic engineering of fractional quantum Hall states, while our layer-resolved technique is readily extendable to other two-dimensional materials where layer polarization maps to the valley or spin quantum numbers.

Suggested Citation

  • B. M. Hunt & J. I. A. Li & A. A. Zibrov & L. Wang & T. Taniguchi & K. Watanabe & J. Hone & C. R. Dean & M. Zaletel & R. C. Ashoori & A. F. Young, 2017. "Direct measurement of discrete valley and orbital quantum numbers in bilayer graphene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:8:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-017-00824-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00824-w
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    Cited by:

    1. Yungi Jeong & Hangyeol Park & Taeho Kim & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Jeil Jung & Joonho Jang, 2024. "Interplay of valley, layer and band topology towards interacting quantum phases in moiré bilayer graphene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Fabian R. Geisenhof & Felix Winterer & Anna M. Seiler & Jakob Lenz & Ivar Martin & R. Thomas Weitz, 2022. "Interplay between topological valley and quantum Hall edge transport," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.

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