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Non-equilibrium steady states in supramolecular polymerization

Author

Listed:
  • Alessandro Sorrenti

    (University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006)

  • Jorge Leira-Iglesias

    (University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006)

  • Akihiro Sato

    (University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006)

  • Thomas M. Hermans

    (University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006)

Abstract

Living systems use fuel-driven supramolecular polymers such as actin to control important cell functions. Fuel molecules like ATP are used to control when and where such polymers should assemble and disassemble. The cell supplies fresh ATP to the cytosol and removes waste products to sustain steady states. Artificial fuel-driven polymers have been developed recently, but keeping them in sustained non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) has proven challenging. Here we show a supramolecular polymer that can be kept in NESS, inside a membrane reactor where ATP is added and waste removed continuously. Assembly and disassembly of our polymer is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, respectively. Waste products lead to inhibition, causing the reaction cycle to stop. Inside the membrane reactor, however, waste can be removed leading to long-lived NESS conditions. We anticipate that our approach to obtain NESS can be applied to other stimuli-responsive materials to achieve more life-like behaviour.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessandro Sorrenti & Jorge Leira-Iglesias & Akihiro Sato & Thomas M. Hermans, 2017. "Non-equilibrium steady states in supramolecular polymerization," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-8, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:8:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms15899
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15899
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    Cited by:

    1. Simone M. Poprawa & Michele Stasi & Brigitte A. K. Kriebisch & Monika Wenisch & Judit Sastre & Job Boekhoven, 2024. "Active droplets through enzyme-free, dynamic phosphorylation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Ryou Kubota & Masahiro Makuta & Ryo Suzuki & Masatoshi Ichikawa & Motomu Tanaka & Itaru Hamachi, 2020. "Force generation by a propagating wave of supramolecular nanofibers," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Jingjing Li & Yihan Cui & Yi-Lin Lu & Yunfei Zhang & Kaihuang Zhang & Chaonan Gu & Kaifang Wang & Yujia Liang & Chun-Sen Liu, 2023. "Programmable supramolecular chirality in non-equilibrium systems affording a multistate chiroptical switch," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Alexander M. Bergmann & Jonathan Bauermann & Giacomo Bartolucci & Carsten Donau & Michele Stasi & Anna-Lena Holtmannspötter & Frank Jülicher & Christoph A. Weber & Job Boekhoven, 2023. "Liquid spherical shells are a non-equilibrium steady state of active droplets," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.

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