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White matter maturation is associated with the emergence of Theory of Mind in early childhood

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  • Charlotte Grosse Wiesmann

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
    Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin)

  • Jan Schreiber

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences)

  • Tania Singer

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences)

  • Nikolaus Steinbeis

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
    Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University)

  • Angela D. Friederici

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences)

Abstract

The ability to attribute mental states to other individuals is crucial for human cognition. A milestone of this ability is reached around the age of 4, when children start understanding that others can have false beliefs about the world. The neural basis supporting this critical step is currently unknown. Here, we relate this behavioural change to the maturation of white matter structure in 3- and 4-year-old children. Tract-based spatial statistics and probabilistic tractography show that the developmental breakthrough in false belief understanding is associated with age-related changes in local white matter structure in temporoparietal regions, the precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex, and with increased dorsal white matter connectivity between temporoparietal and inferior frontal regions. These effects are independent of co-developing cognitive abilities. Our findings show that the emergence of mental state representation is related to the maturation of core belief processing regions and their connection to the prefrontal cortex.

Suggested Citation

  • Charlotte Grosse Wiesmann & Jan Schreiber & Tania Singer & Nikolaus Steinbeis & Angela D. Friederici, 2017. "White matter maturation is associated with the emergence of Theory of Mind in early childhood," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-10, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:8:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms14692
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14692
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    Cited by:

    1. Pedro L Ferreira & Francisco C Santos & Sérgio Pequito, 2021. "Risk sensitivity and theory of mind in human coordination," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(7), pages 1-22, July.
    2. Chaplin, Lan Nguyen & Lowrey, Tina M. & Ruvio, Ayalla A. & Shrum, L.J. & Vohs, Kathleen D., 2020. "Age differences in children's happiness from material goods and experiences: The role of memory and theory of mind," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 572-586.

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