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Demonstration of qubit operations below a rigorous fault tolerance threshold with gate set tomography

Author

Listed:
  • Robin Blume-Kohout

    (Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories)

  • John King Gamble

    (Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories)

  • Erik Nielsen

    (Sandia National Laboratories)

  • Kenneth Rudinger

    (Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories)

  • Jonathan Mizrahi

    (Sandia National Laboratories
    Present address: Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA)

  • Kevin Fortier

    (Sandia National Laboratories)

  • Peter Maunz

    (Sandia National Laboratories)

Abstract

Quantum information processors promise fast algorithms for problems inaccessible to classical computers. But since qubits are noisy and error-prone, they will depend on fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC) to compute reliably. Quantum error correction can protect against general noise if—and only if—the error in each physical qubit operation is smaller than a certain threshold. The threshold for general errors is quantified by their diamond norm. Until now, qubits have been assessed primarily by randomized benchmarking, which reports a different error rate that is not sensitive to all errors, and cannot be compared directly to diamond norm thresholds. Here we use gate set tomography to completely characterize operations on a trapped-Yb+-ion qubit and demonstrate with greater than 95% confidence that they satisfy a rigorous threshold for FTQEC (diamond norm ≤6.7 × 10−4).

Suggested Citation

  • Robin Blume-Kohout & John King Gamble & Erik Nielsen & Kenneth Rudinger & Jonathan Mizrahi & Kevin Fortier & Peter Maunz, 2017. "Demonstration of qubit operations below a rigorous fault tolerance threshold with gate set tomography," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-13, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:8:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms14485
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14485
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    Cited by:

    1. Samson Wang & Enrico Fontana & M. Cerezo & Kunal Sharma & Akira Sone & Lukasz Cincio & Patrick J. Coles, 2021. "Noise-induced barren plateaus in variational quantum algorithms," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. J. Helsen & M. Ioannou & J. Kitzinger & E. Onorati & A. H. Werner & J. Eisert & I. Roth, 2023. "Shadow estimation of gate-set properties from random sequences," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Yanwu Gu & Wei-Feng Zhuang & Xudan Chai & Dong E. Liu, 2023. "Benchmarking universal quantum gates via channel spectrum," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.

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