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Imaging electric field dynamics with graphene optoelectronics

Author

Listed:
  • Jason Horng

    (University of California Berkeley
    Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Halleh B. Balch

    (University of California Berkeley
    Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Allister F. McGuire

    (Stanford University Stanford)

  • Hsin-Zon Tsai

    (University of California Berkeley)

  • Patrick R. Forrester

    (University of California Berkeley)

  • Michael F. Crommie

    (University of California Berkeley
    Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Bianxiao Cui

    (Stanford University Stanford)

  • Feng Wang

    (University of California Berkeley
    Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

Abstract

The use of electric fields for signalling and control in liquids is widespread, spanning bioelectric activity in cells to electrical manipulation of microstructures in lab-on-a-chip devices. However, an appropriate tool to resolve the spatio-temporal distribution of electric fields over a large dynamic range has yet to be developed. Here we present a label-free method to image local electric fields in real time and under ambient conditions. Our technique combines the unique gate-variable optical transitions of graphene with a critically coupled planar waveguide platform that enables highly sensitive detection of local electric fields with a voltage sensitivity of a few microvolts, a spatial resolution of tens of micrometres and a frequency response over tens of kilohertz. Our imaging platform enables parallel detection of electric fields over a large field of view and can be tailored to broad applications spanning lab-on-a-chip device engineering to analysis of bioelectric phenomena.

Suggested Citation

  • Jason Horng & Halleh B. Balch & Allister F. McGuire & Hsin-Zon Tsai & Patrick R. Forrester & Michael F. Crommie & Bianxiao Cui & Feng Wang, 2016. "Imaging electric field dynamics with graphene optoelectronics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:7:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms13704
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13704
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