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Simple direct formation of self-assembled N-heterocyclic carbene monolayers on gold and their application in biosensing

Author

Listed:
  • Cathleen M. Crudden

    (Queen’s University
    Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University)

  • J. Hugh Horton

    (Queen’s University)

  • Mina R. Narouz

    (Queen’s University)

  • Zhijun Li

    (Queen’s University)

  • Christene A. Smith

    (Queen’s University)

  • Kim Munro

    (Protein Function Discovery Facility, Queen’s University)

  • Christopher J. Baddeley

    (EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews)

  • Christian R. Larrea

    (EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews)

  • Benedict Drevniok

    (Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University)

  • Bheeshmon Thanabalasingam

    (Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University)

  • Alastair B. McLean

    (Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University)

  • Olena V. Zenkina

    (Queen’s University)

  • Iraklii I. Ebralidze

    (Queen’s University
    University of Toronto Scarborough)

  • Zhe She

    (University of Toronto Scarborough)

  • Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz

    (University of Toronto Scarborough
    University of Toronto)

  • Nicholas J. Mosey

    (Queen’s University)

  • Lisa N. Saunders

    (Queen’s University)

  • Akiko Yagi

    (Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University)

Abstract

The formation of organic films on gold employing N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has been previously shown to be a useful strategy for generating stable organic films. However, NHCs or NHC precursors typically require inert atmosphere and harsh conditions for their generation and use. Herein we describe the use of benzimidazolium hydrogen carbonates as bench stable solid precursors for the preparation of NHC films in solution or by vapour-phase deposition from the solid state. The ability to prepare these films by vapour-phase deposition permitted the analysis of the films by a variety of surface science techniques, resulting in the first measurement of NHC desorption energy (158±10 kJ mol−1) and confirmation that the NHC sits upright on the surface. The use of these films in surface plasmon resonance-type biosensing is described, where they provide specific advantages versus traditional thiol-based films.

Suggested Citation

  • Cathleen M. Crudden & J. Hugh Horton & Mina R. Narouz & Zhijun Li & Christene A. Smith & Kim Munro & Christopher J. Baddeley & Christian R. Larrea & Benedict Drevniok & Bheeshmon Thanabalasingam & Ala, 2016. "Simple direct formation of self-assembled N-heterocyclic carbene monolayers on gold and their application in biosensing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-7, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:7:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms12654
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12654
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