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Ionic imbalance induced self-propulsion of liquid metals

Author

Listed:
  • Ali Zavabeti

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University)

  • Torben Daeneke

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University)

  • Adam F. Chrimes

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University
    Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering)

  • Anthony P. O’Mullane

    (School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT))

  • Jian Zhen Ou

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University)

  • Arnan Mitchell

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University)

  • Khashayar Khoshmanesh

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University)

  • Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh

    (School of Engineering, RMIT University)

Abstract

Components with self-propelling abilities are important building blocks of small autonomous systems and the characteristics of liquid metals are capable of fulfilling self-propulsion criteria. To date, there has been no exploration regarding the effect of electrolyte ionic content surrounding a liquid metal for symmetry breaking that generates motion. Here we show the controlled actuation of liquid metal droplets using only the ionic properties of the aqueous electrolyte. We demonstrate that pH or ionic concentration gradients across a liquid metal droplet induce both deformation and surface Marangoni flow. We show that the Lippmann dominated deformation results in maximum velocity for the self-propulsion of liquid metal droplets and illustrate several key applications, which take advantage of such electrolyte-induced motion. With this finding, it is possible to conceive the propulsion of small entities that are constructed and controlled entirely with fluids, progressing towards more advanced soft systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Zavabeti & Torben Daeneke & Adam F. Chrimes & Anthony P. O’Mullane & Jian Zhen Ou & Arnan Mitchell & Khashayar Khoshmanesh & Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh, 2016. "Ionic imbalance induced self-propulsion of liquid metals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-10, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:7:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms12402
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12402
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    Cited by:

    1. Yifeng Shen & Dongdong Jin & Mingming Fu & Sanhu Liu & Zhiwu Xu & Qinghua Cao & Bo Wang & Guoqiang Li & Wenjun Chen & Shaoqin Liu & Xing Ma, 2023. "Reactive wetting enabled anchoring of non-wettable iron oxide in liquid metal for miniature soft robot," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.

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