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Comparative analysis of ear-hole closure identifies epimorphic regeneration as a discrete trait in mammals

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas R. Gawriluk

    (University of Kentucky)

  • Jennifer Simkin

    (University of Kentucky)

  • Katherine L. Thompson

    (University of Kentucky)

  • Shishir K. Biswas

    (University of Kentucky)

  • Zak Clare-Salzler

    (University of Kentucky)

  • John M. Kimani

    (University of Nairobi)

  • Stephen G. Kiama

    (University of Nairobi)

  • Jeramiah J. Smith

    (University of Kentucky)

  • Vanessa O. Ezenwa

    (Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia
    University of Georgia)

  • Ashley W. Seifert

    (University of Kentucky
    University of Nairobi)

Abstract

Why mammals have poor regenerative ability has remained a long-standing question in biology. In regenerating vertebrates, injury can induce a process known as epimorphic regeneration to replace damaged structures. Using a 4-mm ear punch assay across multiple mammalian species, here we show that several Acomys spp. (spiny mice) and Oryctolagus cuniculus completely regenerate tissue, whereas other rodents including MRL/MpJ ‘healer’ mice heal similar injuries by scarring. We demonstrate ear-hole closure is independent of ear size, and closure rate can be modelled with a cubic function. Cellular and genetic analyses reveal that injury induces blastema formation in Acomys cahirinus. Despite cell cycle re-entry in Mus musculus and A. cahirinus, efficient cell cycle progression and proliferation only occurs in spiny mice. Together, our data unite blastema-mediated regeneration in spiny mice with regeneration in other vertebrates such as salamanders, newts and zebrafish, where all healthy adults regenerate in response to injury.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas R. Gawriluk & Jennifer Simkin & Katherine L. Thompson & Shishir K. Biswas & Zak Clare-Salzler & John M. Kimani & Stephen G. Kiama & Jeramiah J. Smith & Vanessa O. Ezenwa & Ashley W. Seifert, 2016. "Comparative analysis of ear-hole closure identifies epimorphic regeneration as a discrete trait in mammals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:7:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms11164
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11164
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