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GAME9 regulates the biosynthesis of steroidal alkaloids and upstream isoprenoids in the plant mevalonate pathway

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  • Pablo D. Cárdenas

    (Weizmann Institute of Science
    The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

  • Prashant D. Sonawane

    (Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Jacob Pollier

    (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)
    Ghent University)

  • Robin Vanden Bossche

    (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)
    Ghent University)

  • Veena Dewangan

    (Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory)

  • Efrat Weithorn

    (Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Lior Tal

    (Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Sagit Meir

    (Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Ilana Rogachev

    (Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Sergey Malitsky

    (Weizmann Institute of Science)

  • Ashok P. Giri

    (Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory)

  • Alain Goossens

    (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)
    Ghent University)

  • Saul Burdman

    (The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

  • Asaph Aharoni

    (Weizmann Institute of Science)

Abstract

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are cholesterol-derived molecules produced by solanaceous species. They contribute to pathogen defence but are toxic to humans and considered as anti-nutritional compounds. Here we show that GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM 9 (GAME9), an APETALA2/Ethylene Response Factor, related to regulators of alkaloid production in tobacco and Catharanthus roseus, controls SGA biosynthesis. GAME9 knockdown and overexpression in tomato and potato alters expression of SGAs and upstream mevalonate pathway genes including the cholesterol biosynthesis gene STEROL SIDE CHAIN REDUCTASE 2 (SSR2). Levels of SGAs, C24-alkylsterols and the upstream mevalonate and cholesterol pathways intermediates are modified in these plants. Δ(7)-STEROL-C5(6)-DESATURASE (C5-SD) in the hitherto unresolved cholesterol pathway is a direct target of GAME9. Transactivation and promoter-binding assays show that GAME9 exerts its activity either directly or cooperatively with the SlMYC2 transcription factor as in the case of the C5-SD gene promoter. Our findings provide insight into the regulation of SGA biosynthesis and means for manipulating these metabolites in crops.

Suggested Citation

  • Pablo D. Cárdenas & Prashant D. Sonawane & Jacob Pollier & Robin Vanden Bossche & Veena Dewangan & Efrat Weithorn & Lior Tal & Sagit Meir & Ilana Rogachev & Sergey Malitsky & Ashok P. Giri & Alain Goo, 2016. "GAME9 regulates the biosynthesis of steroidal alkaloids and upstream isoprenoids in the plant mevalonate pathway," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:7:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms10654
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10654
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    Cited by:

    1. Feng Bai & Peng Shu & Heng Deng & Yi Wu & Yao Chen & Mengbo Wu & Tao Ma & Yang Zhang & Julien Pirrello & Zhengguo Li & Yiguo Hong & Mondher Bouzayen & Mingchun Liu, 2024. "A distal enhancer guides the negative selection of toxic glycoalkaloids during tomato domestication," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Yongming Liu & Gengxin Xie & Qichang Yang & Maozhi Ren, 2021. "Biotechnological development of plants for space agriculture," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-3, December.

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