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Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians

Author

Listed:
  • Eppie R. Jones

    (Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes

    (Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam
    University of Ferrara)

  • Sarah Connell

    (School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin)

  • Veronika Siska

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Anders Eriksson

    (University of Cambridge
    Integrative Systems Biology Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST))

  • Rui Martiniano

    (Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Russell L. McLaughlin

    (Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Marcos Gallego Llorente

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Lara M. Cassidy

    (Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Cristina Gamba

    (Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin
    School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin
    Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen)

  • Tengiz Meshveliani

    (Georgian National Museum)

  • Ofer Bar-Yosef

    (Peabody Museum, Harvard University)

  • Werner Müller

    (Laboratoire d'archéozoologie, Université de Neuchâtel
    Office du patrimoine et de l'archéologie de Neuchâtel, Section archéologie, LATÉNIUM)

  • Anna Belfer-Cohen

    (Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University)

  • Zinovi Matskevich

    (Israel Antiquities Authority)

  • Nino Jakeli

    (Georgian National Museum)

  • Thomas F. G. Higham

    (Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology & the History of Art, University of Oxford)

  • Mathias Currat

    (Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History (AGP), University of Geneva)

  • David Lordkipanidze

    (Georgian National Museum)

  • Michael Hofreiter

    (Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam)

  • Andrea Manica

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Ron Pinhasi

    (Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin
    School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin)

  • Daniel G. Bradley

    (Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin)

Abstract

We extend the scope of European palaeogenomics by sequencing the genomes of Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,300 years old, 1.4-fold coverage) and Mesolithic (9,700 years old, 15.4-fold) males from western Georgia in the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (13,700 years old, 9.5-fold) male from Switzerland. While we detect Late Palaeolithic–Mesolithic genomic continuity in both regions, we find that Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG) belong to a distinct ancient clade that split from western hunter-gatherers ∼45 kya, shortly after the expansion of anatomically modern humans into Europe and from the ancestors of Neolithic farmers ∼25 kya, around the Last Glacial Maximum. CHG genomes significantly contributed to the Yamnaya steppe herders who migrated into Europe ∼3,000 BC, supporting a formative Caucasus influence on this important Early Bronze age culture. CHG left their imprint on modern populations from the Caucasus and also central and south Asia possibly marking the arrival of Indo-Aryan languages.

Suggested Citation

  • Eppie R. Jones & Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes & Sarah Connell & Veronika Siska & Anders Eriksson & Rui Martiniano & Russell L. McLaughlin & Marcos Gallego Llorente & Lara M. Cassidy & Cristina Gamba & Tengi, 2015. "Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:6:y:2015:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms9912
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9912
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    Cited by:

    1. Owen Alexander Higgins & Alessandra Modi & Costanza Cannariato & Maria Angela Diroma & Federico Lugli & Stefano Ricci & Valentina Zaro & Stefania Vai & Antonino Vazzana & Matteo Romandini & He Yu & Fr, 2024. "Life history and ancestry of the late Upper Palaeolithic infant from Grotta delle Mura, Italy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Bárbara Sousa da Mota & Simone Rubinacci & Diana Ivette Cruz Dávalos & Carlos Eduardo G. Amorim & Martin Sikora & Niels N. Johannsen & Marzena H. Szmyt & Piotr Włodarczak & Anita Szczepanek & Marcin M, 2023. "Imputation of ancient human genomes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Leonardo Vallini & Carlo Zampieri & Mohamed Javad Shoaee & Eugenio Bortolini & Giulia Marciani & Serena Aneli & Telmo Pievani & Stefano Benazzi & Alberto Barausse & Massimo Mezzavilla & Michael D. Pet, 2024. "The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.

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