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Biosynthesis of the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid by a fungal NRPS–PKS hybrid enzyme

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  • Choong-Soo Yun

    (Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa)

  • Takayuki Motoyama

    (Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa)

  • Hiroyuki Osada

    (Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa)

Abstract

Tenuazonic acid (TeA) is a well-known mycotoxin produced by various plant pathogenic fungi. However, its biosynthetic gene has been unknown to date. Here we identify the TeA biosynthetic gene from Magnaporthe oryzae by finding two TeA-inducing conditions of a low-producing strain. We demonstrate that TeA is synthesized from isoleucine and acetoacetyl-coenzyme A by TeA synthetase 1 (TAS1). TAS1 is a unique non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase (NRPS–PKS) hybrid enzyme that begins with an NRPS module. In contrast to other NRPS/PKS hybrid enzymes, the PKS portion of TAS1 has only a ketosynthase (KS) domain and this domain is indispensable for TAS1 activity. Phylogenetic analysis classifies this KS domain as an independent clade close to type I PKS KS domain. We demonstrate that the TAS1 KS domain conducts the final cyclization step for TeA release. These results indicate that TAS1 is a unique type of NRPS–PKS hybrid enzyme.

Suggested Citation

  • Choong-Soo Yun & Takayuki Motoyama & Hiroyuki Osada, 2015. "Biosynthesis of the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid by a fungal NRPS–PKS hybrid enzyme," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:6:y:2015:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms9758
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9758
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    Cited by:

    1. Liming Xia & Youzhi Miao & A’li Cao & Yan Liu & Zihao Liu & Xinli Sun & Yansheng Xue & Zhihui Xu & Weibing Xun & Qirong Shen & Nan Zhang & Ruifu Zhang, 2022. "Biosynthetic gene cluster profiling predicts the positive association between antagonism and phylogeny in Bacillus," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Wenjin Hu & Xinli Pan & Hafiz Muhammad Khalid Abbas & Fengfeng Li & Wubei Dong, 2017. "Metabolites contributing to Rhizoctonia solani AG-1-IA maturation and sclerotial differentiation revealed by UPLC-QTOF-MS metabolomics," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-16, May.
    3. Jialiang Wang & Xiaojie Wang & Xixi Li & LiangLiang Kong & Zeqian Du & Dandan Li & Lixia Gou & Hao Wu & Wei Cao & Xiaozheng Wang & Shuangjun Lin & Ting Shi & Zixin Deng & Zhijun Wang & Jingdan Liang, 2023. "C–N bond formation by a polyketide synthase," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Hongjiao Zhang & Zixin Li & Shuang Zhou & Shu-Ming Li & Huomiao Ran & Zili Song & Tao Yu & Wen-Bing Yin, 2022. "A fungal NRPS-PKS enzyme catalyses the formation of the flavonoid naringenin," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.

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