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Observation of a two-dimensional liquid of Fröhlich polarons at the bare SrTiO3 surface

Author

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  • Chaoyu Chen

    (Synchrotron SOLEIL, Beamline ANTARES, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP 48)

  • José Avila

    (Synchrotron SOLEIL, Beamline ANTARES, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP 48)

  • Emmanouil Frantzeskakis

    (Synchrotron SOLEIL, Beamline ANTARES, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP 48
    Present address: Institute of Physics (IoP), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Anna Levy

    (Synchrotron SOLEIL, Beamline ANTARES, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP 48
    Present address: Sorbonne Universits, UPMC, Paris 06, CNRS, INSP, UMR 7588, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France)

  • Maria C. Asensio

    (Synchrotron SOLEIL, Beamline ANTARES, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP 48)

Abstract

The polaron is a quasi-particle formed by a conduction electron (or hole) together with its self-induced polarization in a polar semiconductor or an ionic crystal. Among various polarizable examples of complex oxides, strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is one of the most studied. Here we examine the carrier type and the interplay of inner degrees of freedom (for example, charge, lattice, orbital) in SrTiO3. We report the experimental observation of Fröhlich polarons, or large polarons, at the bare SrTiO3 surface prepared by vacuum annealing. Systematic analyses of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectra show that these Fröhlich polarons are two-dimensional and only exist with inversion symmetry breaking by two-dimensional oxygen vacancies. Our discovery provides a rare solvable field theoretical model, and suggests the relevance of large (bi)polarons for superconductivity in perovskite oxides, as well as in high-temperature superconductors.

Suggested Citation

  • Chaoyu Chen & José Avila & Emmanouil Frantzeskakis & Anna Levy & Maria C. Asensio, 2015. "Observation of a two-dimensional liquid of Fröhlich polarons at the bare SrTiO3 surface," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:6:y:2015:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms9585
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9585
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    Cited by:

    1. L. Kang & X. Du & J. S. Zhou & X. Gu & Y. J. Chen & R. Z. Xu & Q. Q. Zhang & S. C. Sun & Z. X. Yin & Y. W. Li & D. Pei & J. Zhang & R. K. Gu & Z. G. Wang & Z. K. Liu & R. Xiong & J. Shi & Y. Zhang & Y, 2021. "Band-selective Holstein polaron in Luttinger liquid material A0.3MoO3 (A = K, Rb)," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-7, December.

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