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Dynamic imaging of the growth plate cartilage reveals multiple contributors to skeletal morphogenesis

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  • Yuwei Li

    (California Institute of Technology
    University of Southern California
    Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
    Present Address: Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California, USA)

  • Vikas Trivedi

    (California Institute of Technology
    University of Southern California)

  • Thai V. Truong

    (California Institute of Technology
    University of Southern California
    Present Address: Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California, USA)

  • David S. Koos

    (The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles)

  • Rusty Lansford

    (The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles)

  • Cheng-Ming Chuong

    (Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California)

  • David Warburton

    (Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles)

  • Rex A. Moats

    (The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles)

  • Scott E. Fraser

    (California Institute of Technology
    University of Southern California
    Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
    Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California)

Abstract

The diverse morphology of vertebrate skeletal system is genetically controlled, yet the means by which cells shape the skeleton remains to be fully illuminated. Here we perform quantitative analyses of cell behaviours in the growth plate cartilage, the template for long bone formation, to gain insights into this process. Using a robust avian embryonic organ culture, we employ time-lapse two-photon laser scanning microscopy to observe proliferative cells’ behaviours during cartilage growth, resulting in cellular trajectories with a spreading displacement mainly along the tissue elongation axis. We build a novel software toolkit of quantitative methods to segregate the contributions of various cellular processes to the cellular trajectories. We find that convergent-extension, mitotic cell division, and daughter cell rearrangement do not contribute significantly to the observed growth process; instead, extracellular matrix deposition and cell volume enlargement are the key contributors to embryonic cartilage elongation.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuwei Li & Vikas Trivedi & Thai V. Truong & David S. Koos & Rusty Lansford & Cheng-Ming Chuong & David Warburton & Rex A. Moats & Scott E. Fraser, 2015. "Dynamic imaging of the growth plate cartilage reveals multiple contributors to skeletal morphogenesis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-10, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:6:y:2015:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms7798
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7798
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