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Subsistence strategies in traditional societies distinguish gut microbiomes

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  • Alexandra J. Obregon-Tito

    (University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
    Universidad Científica del Sur
    City of Hope, NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center)

  • Raul Y. Tito

    (University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
    Universidad Científica del Sur)

  • Jessica Metcalf

    (University of Colorado)

  • Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan

    (University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA)

  • Jose C. Clemente

    (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

  • Luke K. Ursell

    (University of Colorado)

  • Zhenjiang Zech Xu

    (University of Colorado)

  • Will Van Treuren

    (University of Colorado)

  • Rob Knight

    (Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science & Engineering University of California San Diego)

  • Patrick M. Gaffney

    (Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation)

  • Paul Spicer

    (University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA)

  • Paul Lawson

    (University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA)

  • Luis Marin-Reyes

    (Instituto Nacional de Salud)

  • Omar Trujillo-Villarroel

    (Instituto Nacional de Salud)

  • Morris Foster

    (Old Dominion University)

  • Emilio Guija-Poma

    (Universidad Científica del Sur)

  • Luzmila Troncoso-Corzo

    (Universidad Científica del Sur)

  • Christina Warinner

    (University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA)

  • Andrew T. Ozga

    (University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA)

  • Cecil M. Lewis

    (University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower, 521 Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA)

Abstract

Recent studies suggest that gut microbiomes of urban-industrialized societies are different from those of traditional peoples. Here we examine the relationship between lifeways and gut microbiota through taxonomic and functional potential characterization of faecal samples from hunter-gatherer and traditional agriculturalist communities in Peru and an urban-industrialized community from the US. We find that in addition to taxonomic and metabolic differences between urban and traditional lifestyles, hunter-gatherers form a distinct sub-group among traditional peoples. As observed in previous studies, we find that Treponema are characteristic of traditional gut microbiomes. Moreover, through genome reconstruction (2.2–2.5 MB, coverage depth × 26–513) and functional potential characterization, we discover these Treponema are diverse, fall outside of pathogenic clades and are similar to Treponema succinifaciens, a known carbohydrate metabolizer in swine. Gut Treponema are found in non-human primates and all traditional peoples studied to date, suggesting they are symbionts lost in urban-industrialized societies.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandra J. Obregon-Tito & Raul Y. Tito & Jessica Metcalf & Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan & Jose C. Clemente & Luke K. Ursell & Zhenjiang Zech Xu & Will Van Treuren & Rob Knight & Patrick M. Gaffney &, 2015. "Subsistence strategies in traditional societies distinguish gut microbiomes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-9, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:6:y:2015:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms7505
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7505
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    Cited by:

    1. Fiona B. Tamburini & Dylan Maghini & Ovokeraye H. Oduaran & Ryan Brewster & Michaella R. Hulley & Venesa Sahibdeen & Shane A. Norris & Stephen Tollman & Kathleen Kahn & Ryan G. Wagner & Alisha N. Wade, 2022. "Short- and long-read metagenomics of urban and rural South African gut microbiomes reveal a transitional composition and undescribed taxa," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18, December.
    2. Daniele Conversi, 2021. "Exemplary Ethical Communities. A New Concept for a Livable Anthropocene," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-17, May.

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