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Aerosol influence on energy balance of the middle atmosphere of Jupiter

Author

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  • Xi Zhang

    (University of California Santa Cruz)

  • Robert A. West

    (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology)

  • Patrick G. J. Irwin

    (Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory)

  • Conor A. Nixon

    (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)

  • Yuk L. Yung

    (California Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Aerosols are ubiquitous in planetary atmospheres in the Solar System. However, radiative forcing on Jupiter has traditionally been attributed to solar heating and infrared cooling of gaseous constituents only, while the significance of aerosol radiative effects has been a long-standing controversy. Here we show, based on observations from the NASA spacecraft Voyager and Cassini, that gases alone cannot maintain the global energy balance in the middle atmosphere of Jupiter. Instead, a thick aerosol layer consisting of fluffy, fractal aggregate particles produced by photochemistry and auroral chemistry dominates the stratospheric radiative heating at middle and high latitudes, exceeding the local gas heating rate by a factor of 5–10. On a global average, aerosol heating is comparable to the gas contribution and aerosol cooling is more important than previously thought. We argue that fractal aggregate particles may also have a significant role in controlling the atmospheric radiative energy balance on other planets, as on Jupiter.

Suggested Citation

  • Xi Zhang & Robert A. West & Patrick G. J. Irwin & Conor A. Nixon & Yuk L. Yung, 2015. "Aerosol influence on energy balance of the middle atmosphere of Jupiter," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:6:y:2015:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms10231
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10231
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