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Few-femtosecond time-resolved measurements of X-ray free-electron lasers

Author

Listed:
  • C. Behrens

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road
    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85)

  • F.-J. Decker

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • Y. Ding

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • V. A. Dolgashev

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • J. Frisch

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • Z. Huang

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • P. Krejcik

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • H. Loos

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • A. Lutman

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • T. J. Maxwell

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • J. Turner

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • J. Wang

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • M.-H. Wang

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • J. Welch

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

  • J. Wu

    (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road)

Abstract

X-ray free-electron lasers, with pulse durations ranging from a few to several hundred femtoseconds, are uniquely suited for studying atomic, molecular, chemical and biological systems. Characterizing the temporal profiles of these femtosecond X-ray pulses that vary from shot to shot is not only challenging but also important for data interpretation. Here we report the time-resolved measurements of X-ray free-electron lasers by using an X-band radiofrequency transverse deflector at the Linac Coherent Light Source. We demonstrate this method to be a simple, non-invasive technique with a large dynamic range for single-shot electron and X-ray temporal characterization. A resolution of less than 1 fs root mean square has been achieved for soft X-ray pulses. The lasing evolution along the undulator has been studied with the electron trapping being observed as the X-ray peak power approaches 100 GW.

Suggested Citation

  • C. Behrens & F.-J. Decker & Y. Ding & V. A. Dolgashev & J. Frisch & Z. Huang & P. Krejcik & H. Loos & A. Lutman & T. J. Maxwell & J. Turner & J. Wang & M.-H. Wang & J. Welch & J. Wu, 2014. "Few-femtosecond time-resolved measurements of X-ray free-electron lasers," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-7, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:5:y:2014:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms4762
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4762
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    Cited by:

    1. Eduard Prat & Andre Al Haddad & Christopher Arrell & Sven Augustin & Marco Boll & Christoph Bostedt & Marco Calvi & Adrian L. Cavalieri & Paolo Craievich & Andreas Dax & Philipp Dijkstal & Eugenio Fer, 2023. "An X-ray free-electron laser with a highly configurable undulator and integrated chicanes for tailored pulse properties," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Andre Al-Haddad & Solène Oberli & Jesús González-Vázquez & Maximilian Bucher & Gilles Doumy & Phay Ho & Jacek Krzywinski & Thomas J. Lane & Alberto Lutman & Agostino Marinelli & Timothy J. Maxwell & S, 2022. "Observation of site-selective chemical bond changes via ultrafast chemical shifts," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.

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