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Capacitance of carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors

Author

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  • Hengxing Ji

    (The University of Texas at Austin
    University of Science and Technology of China)

  • Xin Zhao

    (The University of Texas at Austin
    Present address: Donghua University, College of Material Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai 201620, China)

  • Zhenhua Qiao

    (The University of Texas at Austin
    Present address: Department of Physics and ICQD/HFNL, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China)

  • Jeil Jung

    (The University of Texas at Austin
    Present address: Graphene Research Centre and Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore)

  • Yanwu Zhu

    (University of Science and Technology of China)

  • Yalin Lu

    (University of Science and Technology of China)

  • Li Li Zhang

    (The University of Texas at Austin
    Present address: Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*Star, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore)

  • Allan H. MacDonald

    (The University of Texas at Austin)

  • Rodney S. Ruoff

    (The University of Texas at Austin
    Present address: Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center on the UNIST Campus. Department of Chemistry and School of Materials Science Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

Experimental electrical double-layer capacitances of porous carbon electrodes fall below ideal values, thus limiting the practical energy densities of carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors. Here we investigate the origin of this behaviour by measuring the electrical double-layer capacitance in one to five-layer graphene. We find that the capacitances are suppressed near neutrality, and are anomalously enhanced for thicknesses below a few layers. We attribute the first effect to quantum capacitance effects near the point of zero charge, and the second to correlations between electrons in the graphene sheet and ions in the electrolyte. The large capacitance values imply gravimetric energy storage densities in the single-layer graphene limit that are comparable to those of batteries. We anticipate that these results shed light on developing new theoretical models in understanding the electrical double-layer capacitance of carbon electrodes, and on opening up new strategies for improving the energy density of carbon-based capacitors.

Suggested Citation

  • Hengxing Ji & Xin Zhao & Zhenhua Qiao & Jeil Jung & Yanwu Zhu & Yalin Lu & Li Li Zhang & Allan H. MacDonald & Rodney S. Ruoff, 2014. "Capacitance of carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-7, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:5:y:2014:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms4317
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4317
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    Cited by:

    1. Philip, Abin & Ruban Kumar, A., 2023. "Recent advancements and developments employing 2D-materials in enhancing the performance of electrochemical supercapacitors: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    2. Balsamo, Flavio & Capasso, Clemente & Lauria, Davide & Veneri, Ottorino, 2020. "Optimal design and energy management of hybrid storage systems for marine propulsion applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    3. Marc Brunet Cabré & Dahnan Spurling & Pietro Martinuz & Mariangela Longhi & Christian Schröder & Hugo Nolan & Valeria Nicolosi & Paula E. Colavita & Kim McKelvey, 2023. "Isolation of pseudocapacitive surface processes at monolayer MXene flakes reveals delocalized charging mechanism," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    4. Yannan Lin & Hongxia Zhao & Feng Yu & Jinfeng Yang, 2018. "Design of an Extended Experiment with Electrical Double Layer Capacitors: Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices in Green Chemistry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-9, October.
    5. Henry Miniguano & Andrés Barrado & Cristina Fernández & Pablo Zumel & Antonio Lázaro, 2019. "A General Parameter Identification Procedure Used for the Comparative Study of Supercapacitors Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-20, May.
    6. Zhang, Xiaofang & Xiao, Zongying & Liu, Xufei & Mei, Peng & Yang, Yingkui, 2021. "Redox-active polymers as organic electrode materials for sustainable supercapacitors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    7. Tao Wang & Runtong Pan & Murillo L. Martins & Jinlei Cui & Zhennan Huang & Bishnu P. Thapaliya & Chi-Linh Do-Thanh & Musen Zhou & Juntian Fan & Zhenzhen Yang & Miaofang Chi & Takeshi Kobayashi & Jianz, 2023. "Machine-learning-assisted material discovery of oxygen-rich highly porous carbon active materials for aqueous supercapacitors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.

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