Dual parallel stream-specific and generalized effects of corticogeniculate feedback on LGN neurons in primate and carnivore

Sensory circuits are organized in parallel, e.g. parallel streams relay feedforward visual information from retina to cortex. Corticogeniculate (CG) feedback is also organized in parallel; however, stream-specific influences of CG feedback remained unresolved. We utilized optogenetics to manipulate CG feedback in monkeys while recording geniculate responses to a comprehensive set of visual stimuli designed to probe stream-specific responses. Here we show that CG feedback improved the spatial resolution of magnocellular, but not parvocellular neurons. Optogenetically enhancing CG feedback increased extraclassical surround suppression, shrunk classical receptive fields, and increased preferred spatial frequencies among magnocellular neurons. Optogenetically suppressing CG feedback reduced surround suppression. Enhancing CG feedback in female ferrets revealed similar stream-specific effects in geniculate Y, but not X neurons. Furthermore, optogenetically enhancing CG feedback improved temporal response precision across neuronal types. These results support dual functional roles for CG feedback in enhancing spatial resolution in a stream-specific manner and improving temporal precision broadly.