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Flexible graphene-based neurotechnology for high-precision deep brain mapping and neuromodulation in Parkinsonian rats

Author

Listed:
  • Nicola Ria

    (Campus UAB)

  • Ahmed Eladly

    (Center for Nanotechnology in Medicine & Division of Neuroscience)

  • Eduard Masvidal-Codina

    (Campus UAB)

  • Xavi Illa

    (Bellaterra
    Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN))

  • Anton Guimerà

    (Bellaterra
    Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN))

  • Kate Hills

    (Center for Nanotechnology in Medicine & Division of Neuroscience)

  • Ramon Garcia-Cortadella

    (Campus UAB
    Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München)

  • Fikret Taygun Duvan

    (Campus UAB)

  • Samuel M. Flaherty

    (Center for Nanotechnology in Medicine & Division of Neuroscience)

  • Michal Prokop

    (Campus UAB)

  • Rob. C. Wykes

    (Center for Nanotechnology in Medicine & Division of Neuroscience
    Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy)

  • Kostas Kostarelos

    (Campus UAB
    Center for Nanotechnology in Medicine & Division of Neuroscience
    Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)

  • Jose A. Garrido

    (Campus UAB
    Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA))

Abstract

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neuroelectronic therapy for the treatment of a broad range of neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease. Current DBS technologies face important limitations, such as large electrode size, invasiveness, and lack of adaptive therapy based on biomarker monitoring. In this study, we investigate the potential benefits of using nanoporous reduced graphene oxide (rGO) technology in DBS, by implanting a flexible high-density array of rGO microelectrodes (25 µm diameter) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of healthy and hemi-parkinsonian rats. We demonstrate that these microelectrodes record action potentials with a high signal-to-noise ratio, allowing the precise localization of the STN and the tracking of multiunit-based Parkinsonian biomarkers. The bidirectional capability to deliver high-density focal stimulation and to record high-fidelity signals unlocks the visualization of local neuromodulation of the multiunit biomarker. These findings demonstrate the potential of bidirectional high-resolution neural interfaces to investigate closed-loop DBS in preclinical models.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicola Ria & Ahmed Eladly & Eduard Masvidal-Codina & Xavi Illa & Anton Guimerà & Kate Hills & Ramon Garcia-Cortadella & Fikret Taygun Duvan & Samuel M. Flaherty & Michal Prokop & Rob. C. Wykes & Kosta, 2025. "Flexible graphene-based neurotechnology for high-precision deep brain mapping and neuromodulation in Parkinsonian rats," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-58156-z
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-58156-z
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