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Constraining the equation of state in neutron-star cores via the long-ringdown signal

Author

Listed:
  • Christian Ecker

    (Goethe Universität)

  • Tyler Gorda

    (Goethe Universität
    GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH
    Technische Universität Darmstadt)

  • Aleksi Kurkela

    (University of Stavanger)

  • Luciano Rezzolla

    (Goethe Universität
    Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies
    School of Mathematics Trinity College)

Abstract

Multimessenger signals from binary neutron star (BNS) mergers are promising tools to infer the properties of nuclear matter at densities inaccessible to laboratory experiments. Gravitational waves (GWs) from BNS merger remnants can constrain the neutron-star equation of state (EOS) complementing constraints from late inspiral, direct mass-radius measurements, and ab-initio calculations. We perform a series of general-relativistic simulations of BNS systems with EOSs constructed to comprehensively cover the high-density regime. We identify a tight correlation between the ratio of the energy and angular-momentum losses in the late-time portion of the post-merger signal, called the long ringdown, and the EOS at the highest pressures and densities in neutron-star cores. Applying this correlation to post-merger GW signals significantly reduces EOS uncertainty at densities several times the nuclear saturation density, where no direct constraints are currently available. Hence, the long ringdown can provide stringent constraints on material properties of neutron stars cores.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Ecker & Tyler Gorda & Aleksi Kurkela & Luciano Rezzolla, 2025. "Constraining the equation of state in neutron-star cores via the long-ringdown signal," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-9, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:16:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-025-56500-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56500-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eemeli Annala & Tyler Gorda & Joonas Hirvonen & Oleg Komoltsev & Aleksi Kurkela & Joonas Nättilä & Aleksi Vuorinen, 2023. "Strongly interacting matter exhibits deconfined behavior in massive neutron stars," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
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