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Slab steepening and rapid mantle wedge replacement during back-arc rifting in the New Hebrides

Author

Listed:
  • Karsten M. Haase

    (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU))

  • Marcel Regelous

    (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU))

  • Christoph Beier

    (Research Programme of Geology and Geophysics (GeoHel))

  • Anthony A. P. Koppers

    (Oregon State University)

Abstract

The effects of the composition and angle of the subducting slab and mantle wedge flow on tectonic and magmatic processes in island arcs and associated back-arcs are poorly understood. Here we analyse the ages and compositions of submarine lavas from the flanks and the floor of the back-arc Futuna Trough some 50 km east of Tanna Island in the New Hebrides arc front. Whereas >2.5 Ma-old back-arc lavas formed from an enriched mantle source strongly metasomatized by a slab component, the younger lavas show less slab input into a depleted mantle wedge. The input of the slab component decreased over the past 2.5 million years while the enriched mantle was replaced by depleted peridotite. The change of Futuna Trough lava compositions indicates rapid (10 s of km/million years) replacement of the mantle wedge by corner flow and slab steepening due to rollback, causing extensional stress and back-arc rifting in the past 2.5 million years.

Suggested Citation

  • Karsten M. Haase & Marcel Regelous & Christoph Beier & Anthony A. P. Koppers, 2024. "Slab steepening and rapid mantle wedge replacement during back-arc rifting in the New Hebrides," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-50445-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50445-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. T. L. Grove & C. B. Till & E. Lev & N. Chatterjee & E. Médard, 2009. "Kinematic variables and water transport control the formation and location of arc volcanoes," Nature, Nature, vol. 459(7247), pages 694-697, June.
    2. W. P. Schellart & J. Freeman & D. R. Stegman & L. Moresi & D. May, 2007. "Evolution and diversity of subduction zones controlled by slab width," Nature, Nature, vol. 446(7133), pages 308-311, March.
    3. T. L. Grove & C. B. Till & E. Lev & N. Chatterjee & E. Médard, 2009. "Erratum: Kinematic variables and water transport control the formation and location of arc volcanoes," Nature, Nature, vol. 460(7258), pages 1044-1044, August.
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